Vision Lectures

Question 1

accommodation

Answer 1

focusing on far off/near objects by changing how much we bend light rays

Question 2

refraction

Answer 2

light rays bend to form a sharp image on the retina

Question 3

refractive errors

Answer 3

mismatch between how much we bend light

Question 4

the cornea, VH, AH and lens are all transparent to allow light to fall on the ……..

Answer 4

retina

Question 5

light waves from an object bend at the ……. bend some more at the …….. to form a clear image at the ……….

Answer 5

cornea

lens

retina

Question 6

when the object gets closer - will the lens become thinner or thicker?

Answer 6

thicker

eye needs more bending power to focus on the object

Question 7

the …….. is the most powerful bender of light but the …… has the capacity to change its bending power

Answer 7

cornea

lens

Question 8

what 3 things happen simultaneously to comprise accommodation

Answer 8

lens changes shape (thicker and more spherical)

pupil constricts

eyes converge

Question 9

myopia

Answer 9

short sightedness

Question 10

hyperopia

Answer 10

long sightedness

Question 11

astigmatism

Answer 11

non-spherical curvature of the cornea (or lens)

Question 12

short sighted means distant objects are

Answer 12

blurred

Question 13

prebyopia

Answer 13

long sightedness in old people

Question 14

emmetrope

Answer 14

perfect vision

Question 15

what is the most common cause of myopia?

Answer 15

the eyeball is too long

Question 16

how do you treat myopia?

Answer 16

biconcave lenses

Question 17

two main causes of hyperopia

Answer 17

eyeball is too short

cornea and lens are too flat

Question 18

in hyperopia - where does the image form?

Answer 18

behind the retina

Question 19

in myopia - where does the image form?

Answer 19

in front of the retina

Question 20

treatment for hyperopia

Answer 20

biconvex lenses

Question 21

astigmatism what is blurry?

Answer 21

both close and far away objects

Question 22

how do you treat atigmatism?

Answer 22

cylindrical glasses (curved in only one axis)

Question 23

prebyopia treatment

Answer 23

biconvex glasses

Question 24

how do we see?

what is the process called?

Answer 24

phototransduction

Question 25

phototransduction involves the energy in light waves stimulating …….. ………. in the retina

Answer 25

photoreceptor cells

Question 26

phototransduction is defined as the conversion of what to what to generate what?

Answer 26

light energy to an electrochemical response to generate APs

Question 27

phototransduced rods and cones need to activate ……. ……… ……… in order to generate an AP

Answer 27

optic nerve neurons

Question 28

what role does vitamin A play in visual pigmentation?

Answer 28

visual pigment regeneration

Question 29

what effects does vitamin A deficiency have?

Answer 29

corneal ulceration

corneal melting

Question 30

amblyopia

Answer 30

lazy eye

Question 31

pupils are different sizes. what can this be a sign of?

Answer 31

horners syndrome

Question 32

if you see a patient with 3rd nerve palsy you must check their pupillary reflex. if absent what might this be?

Answer 32

cerebral artery aneurysm

Question 33

horners syndrome is cause by damage to……. innervation to the eye

Answer 33

sympathetic

Question 34

oculomotor nerve controls every eye muscle except what two?

Answer 34

lateral rectus

superior oblique

Question 35

superior oblique is controlled by what CN?

Answer 35

trochlear

Question 36

Lateral rectus is controlled by what CN?

Answer 36

abducens

Question 37

when pupils are two different sizes (due to a disruption in the sympathetic innervation to the pupil) this is what syndrome?

Answer 37

horner’s