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Year 2 - Neurology > headache > Flashcards

headache Flashcards

1
Q

tension type headache is the most common type of what?

A

primary headache

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2
Q

tension type headache treatment

A

paracetamol/ asprin

NSAIDs

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3
Q

tension headache description:

A

mild, bilateral headache

NOT disabling

no associated features

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4
Q

Migraine is the most common what?

A

DISABLING primary headache

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5
Q

during migraine attacks

migraine is known for episodic attacks

A

headache

nausea/photophobia

functional disability

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6
Q

migraines are usually male or female?

A

100% male

22% female

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7
Q

migraine triggers

A

sleep disturbance

stress

hunger

environmental stimuli

diet

dehydration

changes in oestrogen in women

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8
Q

What is aura?

A

transient neurological symptoms resulting from cortical or brainstem dysfunction

(can involve visual/sensory/motor/speech symptoms)

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9
Q

how long does aura usually last?

A

15 to 20 mins

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10
Q

medication overuse headache is what kind of headache?

A

primary

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11
Q

migraine treatment

A

NSAIDs or aspirin

triptans

propanolol

gabapentin

depressant medication

(limit to 10 days to make sure of no medication overuse headache)

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12
Q

the combined oral contraceptive pill is involved in active

A

migraine with aura

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13
Q

trigeminal autonomic cephalgias are a group of headaches. 4 types:

A

cluster headache

paroxysmal hemicrania

SUNCT (short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache with conjunctival tearing)

SUNA (short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache with autonomic

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14
Q

pain of a cluster headache attack is usually

A

orbital and temporal

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15
Q

cluster headache attacks are bilateral or unilateral?

A

unilateral

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16
Q

cluster headaches are episodic in

A

80-90% of patients

17
Q

some conditions of cluster headache attacks

A

rapid onset

unilateral

last 15mins to 3 hours

suicide headache

migraine symptoms are often present

18
Q

treatment of a cluster headache

A

100% oxygen

subcutaenous sumatriptan

oral predisnolone

verapamil

19
Q

paroxysmal hemicrania

A

attacks are strictly unilateral

last 2-30 minutes

excruciatingly severe

in 10% attacks are precipitated by bending or rotating the head

20
Q

SUNCT pain

A

stabbing/ pulsatile

21
Q

triggers for SUNCT pain

A

cuteanous triggers like:

wind/ cold

touch

chewing

22
Q

Treatment of SUNCT/ SUNA

A

lemotrigine

gabapentin

carbamezepine

23
Q

cuteanous triggers of trigeminal neuralgia

A

cold/wind

touch

chewing

24
Q

treatment of trigeminal neuralgia

A

surgical decompression

prophylaxis

25
Q

red flags for a secondary headache

A

new onset

new or change in headache

neck stiffness or fever

abnormal focal examination

abnormal neuro examination

high pressure (worse when lying down etc)

low pressure (worse when standing up)

26
Q

thunderclap headache

A

a high intensity headache reaching maximum intensity in less than 1 minute

27
Q

thunderclap headache - primary or secondary?

A

can be both

28
Q

thunderclap headache differential diagnosis

A

subarachnoid haemorrhage

primary headache

intracerebral haemorrhage

TIA/stroke

meningitis/ encephalitis

29
Q

people with thunderclap headaches often present with

A

subarachnoid haemorrhage

30
Q

space occupying features/ raised ICP RED FLAGS

A

focal symptoms or signs

worsens when lying down or brought on by valsalva

seizures

headaches worse in the morning or wakening from a sleep

31
Q

intracranial hypotension is usually caused by

A

CSF leak

32
Q

what is arteritis?

A

inflammation of the walls of an artery

33
Q

giant cell arteritis should be considered in patients that are:

A

over 50 with a sudden on set headache

34
Q

Giant cell arteritis presents with

A

scalp tenderness

jaw claudication

visual disturbance

Year 2 - Neurology (31 decks)

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