Degenerative diseases of the CNS

Question 1

what syndrome is this:

Progressive impairment of multiple domains of cognitive function in alert patient leading to loss of acquired skills and interference in occupational and social role

Answer 1

dementia

Question 2

4 main causes of late onset dementia

Answer 2

alzheimers

vascualar

lewy body

other

Question 3

4 main causes of early onset dementia

Answer 3

alzheimers

vascular

fronto temporal

other (HIV, Huntington’s, alcohol)

Question 4

4 types of treatable causes of dementia

Answer 4

vitamin deficiency (B12)

thyroid disease

HIV

hydrocephalus

Question 5

myoclonus

Answer 5

spasmodic jerky contraction of a group of muscles

Question 6

examination of dementia (3 factors)

Answer 6

cognitive function

neurological

vascular

Question 7

investigations of dementia

Answer 7

routine bloods

CT

MRI

CSF

funcitonal imaging

genetics (biopsy)

Question 8

Screening tests examining cognitive function in dementia patients

Answer 8

MMSE (mini mental)

Montreal (MOCA)

Question 9

what is the most common neurodegenerative disorder?

Answer 9

Alzheimer’s

Question 10

what are the 4 main subtypes of dementia?

Answer 10

Alzheimer’s

lewy body dementia

vascular dementia

fronto-temporal dementia

Question 11

parkinsonism is a loss of …….

a problem in the ….. …….

Answer 11

dopamine

basal ganglia

Question 12

parkinsonism is a clinical syndrome when someone presents with 2 of the following 4 symptoms

Answer 12

bradykinesia (slowness of movement)

rigidity (stiffness)

tremor

postural instability

Question 13

causes of parkinsonism

Answer 13

parkinson’s disease (dementia with lewy bodys)

drug-induced

vascular Parkinsonism