Functional hierarchy of the motor system Flashcards

1
Q

four systems that control movement

A

descending control pathways

basal ganglia

cerebellum

local spinal cord/ brain circuits

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2
Q

the spinal cord receives descending input via the brainstem and direct cortical input via the

A

corticospinal (pyramidal) tract

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3
Q

stretch reflex follows a sharp

A

tap to an inelastic tendon

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4
Q

sensory nerves activated in muscle spindles (after stretch reflex) increases the number of …… in afferent nerves projecting through the dorsal horn to the spinal cord

A

APs

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5
Q

monosynaptic reflex

A

no interneurons are involved

causes rapid contraction of the AGONIST muscle

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6
Q

when the agonist muscle contracts, the antagonist muscle

A

relaxes (stretches)

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7
Q

when the agonist muscle contracts, the antagonist muscle relaxes. what is this called?

A

reciprocal inhibition

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8
Q

the primary motor cortex is in the

A

pre-central gyrus

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9
Q

parkinson’s is a …… ……. disorder

A

basal ganglia

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10
Q

parkinsons is caused by what?

A

caused by degeneration of neurones in substantia nigra

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11
Q

huntingtons disease involves hyperkinesia with

A

dementia and personality disorders

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12
Q

the knee jerk (or patellar reflex) is an example of what kind of reflex?

A

stretch

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13
Q

what is the golgi-tendon organ reflex?

A

inverse stretch reaction

(antagonist muscle is activated)

(agonist muscle is inhibited)

(you drop a really heavy load so to not damage the muscle)

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14
Q

what is the flexor reflex?

A

withdrawal reflex!

withdraws part of body subjected to painful stimulus

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15
Q

if the load is too heavy - the load is dropped (muscle relaxes) - what reflex is this?

A

golgi tendon organ reflex

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16
Q

what happens with the flexor reflex (if standing on a spike)?

A

the side of spike will contract (pull foot away) - the other side (contralateral) will extend (to keep your balance)

17
Q

what reflex protects muscle damage?

A

golgi-tendon reflex

clasp- knife reflex