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Psych 403 > Vision Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Vision Chapter 6 Flashcards

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1
Q

receptors

A

specialized nerve cells that transduce energy

act as dendrites that eventually induce A.P.’s

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2
Q

Mode specific, only detect a small range of energy levels

A

receptors

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3
Q

function is to detect EMR emitted by objects

A

visual systems

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4
Q

nature of visible ight

A

400-700 nM

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5
Q

functions of vision

A
  • locate figure v. ground
  • detect movement (predator/prey)
  • detect color (adaptive value of color)
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6
Q

light passes through several layers of the _____ to reach the photoreceptors

A

retina

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7
Q

do we contain more rods or cons?

A

Rods: 120 million
COnes: 6 million

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8
Q

light sensitive

A

rods

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9
Q

color sensitive

- one continuous membrane

A

cones

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10
Q

found in periphery of retina

A

rods

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11
Q

found mostly in fovea

A

cones

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12
Q

Bony pockets in the front of the skull.

A

orbits

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13
Q

The white tissue of the eye.

A

Sclera

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14
Q

mucous membranes that line the eyelid and protect the eye

A

Conjunctiva

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15
Q

Transparent outer covering of the eye that admits light.

A

cornea

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16
Q

Adjustable opening in the iris that regulates the amount of light that enters the eye.

A

pupil

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17
Q

iris

A

Pigmented ring of muscles situated behind the cornea.

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18
Q

Consists of a series of transparent, onion-like layers. Its shape can be changed by contraction of ciliary muscles.

A

lens

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19
Q

Changes in the thickness of the lens, accomplished by the ciliary muscles, that focus images of near or distant objects on the retina.

A

accommodation

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20
Q

The neural tissue and photoreceptive cells located on the inner surface of the posterior portion of the eye.

A

retina

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21
Q

Photoreceptor cells of the retina, sensitive to light of low intensity.

A

rod

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22
Q

Photoreceptor cells of the retina; maximally sensitive to one of three different wavelengths of light and hence encodes color vision. Works at higher light levels.

A

cone

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23
Q

Area of retina that mediates the most acute vision. Contains mostly color-sensitive cones.

A

fovea

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24
Q

Location on the retina where fibers of ganglion cells exit the eye; responsible for the blind spot.

A

optic disk

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25
Q

in the dark, which channels are open and what is released

A

Na channels open, glutamate released

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26
Q

consist of opsin and retinal

A

photopigments

27
Q

net effect of light on the eyes

A

light hyperpolarizes the retinal receptor

28
Q

Cells from retina terminate in LGN layers 1,2
Carry info on contrast and movement (color insensitive)
Carry input from “A” retinal ganglion (Y type) cells

A

Magnocellular system

29
Q

Cells from retina terminate in LGN layers 3-6
carry info on fine detail, and R/G color
Carry input from “B” retinal ganglion cells (X type)

A

Parvocellular system

30
Q

Cells from retina terminate between major layers in LGN.
carry info on B/Y color
Carry input from bistratified ganglion cells

A

Koniocellular system

31
Q

shows circular receptive fields

- : larger for magnocellular than parvocellular

A

LGN

32
Q

cells respond to only one eye

Columns for left and right alternate

A

Ocular dominance

33
Q

Cells respond to same orientation, adjacent cells are shifted by 10 degrees
Are at right angle to ocular dominance column
Do a 180 degrees in 1 mm

A

Orientation columns:

34
Q

large areas of light and dark

A

low frequency

35
Q

high frequency

A

fine details

36
Q

requirements of color vision

A

at least 2 photoreceptors

  • a way to compare their responses-
  • different wavelengths of light
37
Q

specialized neurons that detect a variety of physical events

A

sensory receptors

38
Q

stimuli impinge on the receptors and alter their membrane potentials. This process is known as

A

sensory transduction

39
Q

the process by which sensory stimuli are transduced into slow, graded potentials

A

sensory transduction

40
Q

a slow, graded electrical potential produced by a receptor cell in response to a physical stimulus

A

receptor potential

41
Q

affect the release of neurotransmitters and modify the pattern of firing in neurons

A

receptor potential

42
Q

perceived color of light determined by which three dimensions

A

hue, saturation, brightness

43
Q

dominant wavelength and one perceptual dimension of color

A

hue

44
Q

perceptual dimension of color that corresponds to intensity

A

brightness

45
Q

purity of the light being perceived

A

saturation

46
Q

provide most visual information about our environment

A

cones

47
Q

responsible for daytime vision

A

cones

48
Q

the source of vision of the highest sharpness

A

cones

49
Q

central region of the retina which mediates our most acute vision and contains only cones

A

fovea

50
Q

rods or cones are responsible for color vision - our ability to discriminate light of different wavelengths

A

cones

51
Q

which is more sensitive to light rods or cones?

A

rods

52
Q

in very dim light we use rod or cone vision

A

rod

53
Q

responsible for blind spot due to no receptors being there

A

optic disk

54
Q

exit point from the retina of the fibers of the ganglion cells that form the optic nerve

A

optic disk

55
Q

photoreceptors communicate with _____ who communicate with ___ whose axons send info to the rest of the brain

A

bipolar cells, ganglion cells

56
Q

which two cells do the color-sensitive ganglion cells in the retina contain

A

red-green and yellow-blue

57
Q

Ventral stream

A

Recognizes what an object is and what color it has

- provides visual info about size, shape, color, and texture

58
Q

Dorsal stream

A

Re ognizes where an object is located

59
Q

Prosopagnosia

A

Inability to recognize faces

60
Q

Optic flow

A

The relative movement of the visual elements of your environment

61
Q

Inability to perceive

Movement

A

Akinetopsia

62
Q

Damage to area V4

A

Abolished color constancy

63
Q

Damage to V8

A

Cerebral achromatopsia, Loss of color vision

64
Q

Where
Is the fusiform
Face area located?

A

In a region I the medial surface of the exrastriate cortex on the base of the brain

Psych 403 (14 decks)

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