Final Exam Study Guide Exam 1 Flashcards
the idea that the physical brain and non-physical mind are separate entities is considered
dualism
johannes Muller
credited with first describing the doctrine of specific nerve energies
which of the following goals of scientific research can be described as explaining a phenomenon by studying the components that underlie that phenomenon
reduction
process of evolution by which inherited traits that confer a selective advantage become more prevalent in a population
natural selection
Who was purported to be a great proponent of dualism?
Rene Descartes
The idea that an evolutionary adaptions serve specific purposes is called
functionalism
this phenomenon occurs when the corpus callosum is served, cutting off connection between hemisphered
split-brain
which disorder occurs as a result of damage to the parietal lobe and produces a failure to notice things located in the side of space opposite to the damaged area
unilateral
most important aspect of development is
the environment
the genes
pressing the side of the eye produces flashes of light. This phenomenon called phosphenes illustrates the concept of
specific nerve energies
dorsal areas of the frontal lobes are
near the top of the head
When a function is said to be contralateral, this means
it is processed by the opposite side of the brain
a neuron with 2 major neurites is typically called a
bipolar neuron
what distinguishes a neuron from other cells in the body?
a high number of voltage gated ion channels in the cell’s membrane
which of the following ensures that only specific molecules can enter the brain?
the blood-brain barrier
what is the function of an astrocyte
glial cell that provides support and nutrients for a neuron
the main function of a microglial cell
is to clean up debris in the brain and provide immune system functions to the brain
schwann cells are found in the
PNS
oligodendrocytes help insulate neurons from each other in
CNS
typical components of a simple reflex circuit are
sensory neuron- Excitatory Interneuron- Motor Neuron
the arachnoid meninge is the
middle layer through which blood vessels and CSF flow
the flow of information in a typical neuron is
dendrite, soma, axon, button
the lobe of brain nearest to the caudal end of the brain is
occipital
which of the following refers to the back of the brain
posterior
monism
mind is a property of a physical nervous system
“father of modern philosophy”
speculations about roles of mind and brain in the control of behavior provide a good starting point in history of behavioral neuroscience
Rene Descartes
first to suggest a link exists between a human mind and its purely physical housing, the brain
rene Descartes
notion that bumps on the skull indicate developed skills associated with regions of cortex
phrenology
- “specific nerve energies”
- rigorous experimentation and logical deduction
Muller
Axon length
Long and short
Golgi type I and II respectively
nerve cells conduct what type of signals?
electrochemical
defines the boundary of the cell
Membrane
jellylike structure that contains small specialized structures
cytoplasm
saltatory conduction
speeds up velocity and allows for smaller diameter axons
dura mater
outer (thick layer)
arachnoid
middle layer
blood vessels run through this layer
pia mater
inner layer
small grooves in cortex called
sulci
large grooves in cortex called
fissures
bulges in cortex called
gyri
limbic system consists of
hippocampus amygdala septum (rage after lesions) fornix mammillary bodies
parasympathetic
digestion
sympathetic
fight or flight
associated with energy expenditure
sympathetic division
associated with energy conservation
parasympathetic division
