Human communication CH 13

Question 1

what causes a disturbance in speech production and comprehension?

Answer 1

aphasia

Question 2

damage to which region of the brain results in aphasia?

Answer 2

left hemispheric damage

Question 3

difficulty in producing or comprehending speech not produced by deafness or a simple motor deficit; CAUSED BY BRAIN DAMAGE

Answer 3

aphasia

(patient must be aware of what is happening in his or her environment and to recognize that others are attempting to communicate in order for it to be considered aphasia)

Question 4

verbal behavior is laterized, which hemisphere is dominant for speech?

Answer 4

left

Question 5

what form of aphasia is caused by damage to the inferior left frontal lobe?

Answer 5

Broca’s Aphasia

Question 6

what results in slow, laborious speech (but can comprehend speech)

Answer 6

Broca’s Aphasia

Question 7

what is characterize by difficulty with using function words (a, in, the, about)?

Answer 7

Broca’s Aphasia

Broca’s area located near motor areas and is therefore predominantly characterized by function problems

Question 8

three major difficulties in Broca’s aphasia?

Answer 8

1. ) articulation
2. ) agrammatism
3. ) anomia

Question 9

anomia

Answer 9

difficulty in finding appropriate words

Question 10

agrammatism

Answer 10

difficulty in using grammar rules

eg. -ed

Question 11

Word recognition is disrupted by damage to superior left temporal gyrus causing

Answer 11

Wernicke’s aphasia

Question 12

are patients aware of their comprehension deficti when they have wernicke”

Answer 12

No

Question 13

Poor speech comprehension

• evident in non-verbal tasks
• cannot repeat statements made by others
• fluent but meaningless speech
• patients can use content words, appropriate grammar

Answer 13

characteristics of Wernicke’s aphasia

Question 14

the ability to hear, speak, and (usually) read and write without being able to comprehend the meaning of speech

Answer 14

pure word deafness caused by a disruption of inputs to Wernicke’s area

Question 15

conduction aphasia

Answer 15

• fluent, meaningful speech
• good word comprehension
• difficulty in repeating words

Question 16

anomic aphasia

for mostly nouns caused by

Answer 16

disruption of association cortex near Wernickes’s

Question 17

anomic aphasia

fr mostly verbs caused by

Answer 17

damage to frontal regions in and around Broca’s area

Question 18

variations in rhythm, pitch, and cadence that communicate information

Answer 18

prosody

Question 19

• distinguish questions from statements

- communicates our emotional states

Answer 19

prosody

Question 20

is prosody disrupted in Wernicke’s aphasia

Answer 20

no

but is severely disrupted by damage to the right hemisphere (musical aspect of prosody)

Question 21

what is the inability to recognize voices and in what area is it located

Answer 21

phonagnosia

RH

Question 22

decrease in fibers of ventral premotor cortex

Answer 22

causes stuttering

Question 23

may result from auditory feedback

Answer 23

stuttering

Question 24

dyslexia

Answer 24

term for reading difficulty

- bad, developmental

Question 25

agraphia

Answer 25

writing difficulty

Question 26

pure alexia

Answer 26

inability to read

- caused by damage to the left visual cortex and posterior of the corpus collosum

Question 27

word recognition carried out by right extrastriate cortex cannot reach left hemisphere speech regions

Answer 27

pure alexia

Question 28

phonetic reading

Answer 28

decoding words by sounding out syllables

Question 29

whole form

Answer 29

can look at a word and read it as a whole

Question 30

surface dyslexia

Answer 30

can read words phonetically but difficulty with whole-form

Question 31

reading disorder in which a person can read familiar words but has difficulty reading unfamiliar words or nonwords

Answer 31

phonological dyslexia

Question 32

languages disorder caused by brain damage in which person can read words aloud without understanding

Answer 32

direct dyslexia

Question 33

writing disorder in which person cannot sound out words and write them phonetically

Answer 33

phonological dysgraphia

Question 34

unable to sound out words and write them phonetically

- thus, cannot write unfamiliar words or pronounceable nonwords

Answer 34

phonological dysgraphia

Question 35

opposite of phonological dysgraphia

• disorder of visually based writing
• can only sound words out; thus, they can spell regular words and can write pronounceable nonsense words

Answer 35

orthographic dysgraphia