Human communication CH 13 Flashcards
what causes a disturbance in speech production and comprehension?
aphasia
damage to which region of the brain results in aphasia?
left hemispheric damage
difficulty in producing or comprehending speech not produced by deafness or a simple motor deficit; CAUSED BY BRAIN DAMAGE
aphasia
(patient must be aware of what is happening in his or her environment and to recognize that others are attempting to communicate in order for it to be considered aphasia)
verbal behavior is laterized, which hemisphere is dominant for speech?
left
what form of aphasia is caused by damage to the inferior left frontal lobe?
Broca’s Aphasia
what results in slow, laborious speech (but can comprehend speech)
Broca’s Aphasia
what is characterize by difficulty with using function words (a, in, the, about)?
Broca’s Aphasia
Broca’s area located near motor areas and is therefore predominantly characterized by function problems
three major difficulties in Broca’s aphasia?
- ) articulation
- ) agrammatism
- ) anomia
anomia
difficulty in finding appropriate words
agrammatism
difficulty in using grammar rules
eg. -ed
Word recognition is disrupted by damage to superior left temporal gyrus causing
Wernicke’s aphasia
are patients aware of their comprehension deficti when they have wernicke”
No
Poor speech comprehension
- evident in non-verbal tasks
- cannot repeat statements made by others
- fluent but meaningless speech
- patients can use content words, appropriate grammar
characteristics of Wernicke’s aphasia
the ability to hear, speak, and (usually) read and write without being able to comprehend the meaning of speech
pure word deafness caused by a disruption of inputs to Wernicke’s area
conduction aphasia
- fluent, meaningful speech
- good word comprehension
- difficulty in repeating words
anomic aphasia
for mostly nouns caused by
disruption of association cortex near Wernickes’s
anomic aphasia
fr mostly verbs caused by
damage to frontal regions in and around Broca’s area
variations in rhythm, pitch, and cadence that communicate information
prosody
- distinguish questions from statements
- communicates our emotional states
prosody
is prosody disrupted in Wernicke’s aphasia
no
but is severely disrupted by damage to the right hemisphere (musical aspect of prosody)
what is the inability to recognize voices and in what area is it located
phonagnosia
RH
decrease in fibers of ventral premotor cortex
causes stuttering
may result from auditory feedback
stuttering
dyslexia
term for reading difficulty
- bad, developmental
agraphia
writing difficulty
pure alexia
inability to read
- caused by damage to the left visual cortex and posterior of the corpus collosum
word recognition carried out by right extrastriate cortex cannot reach left hemisphere speech regions
pure alexia
phonetic reading
decoding words by sounding out syllables
whole form
can look at a word and read it as a whole
surface dyslexia
can read words phonetically but difficulty with whole-form
reading disorder in which a person can read familiar words but has difficulty reading unfamiliar words or nonwords
phonological dyslexia
languages disorder caused by brain damage in which person can read words aloud without understanding
direct dyslexia
writing disorder in which person cannot sound out words and write them phonetically
phonological dysgraphia
unable to sound out words and write them phonetically
- thus, cannot write unfamiliar words or pronounceable nonwords
phonological dysgraphia
opposite of phonological dysgraphia
- disorder of visually based writing
- can only sound words out; thus, they can spell regular words and can write pronounceable nonsense words
orthographic dysgraphia
