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Mind Brain Behavior > Vision > Flashcards

Vision Flashcards

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The Brain flashcards
0
Q

Who has the best thermal vision?

A

Snakes- great at spotting the heat of prey

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1
Q

Who has the sharpest eyesight?

A

Birds such as eagles, hawks, and buzzards have eyesight 3-4x sharper than ours

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2
Q

Who has the best underwater vision?

A

Sharks- can detect a glow that is ten times dimmer

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3
Q

Who has the best mammalian night vision?

A

Cats - large eyes, see 2x as well as we do in the dark

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4
Q

Who has the best all around view?

A

Grazing mammals such as horses, gazelles, and zebras have eyes that face sideways

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5
Q

What are the two main types of eyes?

A

Chambered (ours) and compound (insects, lobsters)

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6
Q

A compound eye consists of ______

A

thousands of individual photoreceptor units

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7
Q

Iris is responsible for ….

A

controlling the size of the pupils and thus the amount of light that reaches the retina

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8
Q

A pupil is…..

A

a hole located in the center of the iris that allows light to enter the retina

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9
Q

The lens is ____

A

an optical device which transmits and refracts light, converging or diverging the beam

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10
Q

The cornea is …

A

the transparent front part of the eye that covers the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber

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11
Q

The Retina is….

A

a light sensitive tissue lining the inner surface of the eye. The optics of the eye creates an image of the visual world on the retina, like film in a camera

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12
Q

Light striking the retina initiates a cascade of ____ and ____ events that ultimately trigger _____. These are sent to various _____ of the brain through the _____ of the optic nerve.

A

Light striking the retina initiates a cascade of chemical and electrical events that ultimately trigger nerve impulses. These are sent to various visual centers of the brain through the fibers of the optic nerve.

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13
Q

What are the two types of photoreceptor cells in the retina?

A

Rods (low levels of light) and cones (greater levels of light)

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14
Q

In the scotopic level of light ____ are active.

A

scotopic - rods

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15
Q

In the mesopic level of light ___ are active

A

mesopic - both rods and cones are active

16
Q

In photopic levels of light ___ are active

A

photopic - cones

17
Q

In starlight and moonlight, ____ are active

A

Both rods and cones (mesopic)

18
Q

The optic chiasm is —

A

the “Crossing” - part of the brain where the optic nerves partially cross (where half the information from each eye crosses sides)

19
Q

The optic tract is …

A

a continuation of the optic nerve that runs from the optic chiasm to the lateral geniculate nucleus

20
Q

The Edinger-Westphal nucleus controls the _____

A

pupillary light reflex

21
Q

The superior colliculus _______

A

orients the movements of the head and eyes

22
Q

How is the hypothalamus involved in the visual pathway?

A

Regulates circadian rhythm

23
Q

The lateral geniculate nucleus is the _______ for visual information received from the ____

A

The lateral geniculate nucleus is the primary relay center for visual information received from the retina

24
Q

The lateral geniculate nucleus is located in the

A

thalamus, in both hemispheres

25
Q

Neurons of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) send their axons through ___ ____

A

optic radiation

26
Q

What are the two kinds of layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN)?

A

Parvocellular layers and Magnocellular layers

27
Q

Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (LGN): Parvocellular Layers (color, number, function)

A

4 green parvocellular layers, involved in object processing

28
Q

The Lateral Geniculate Nucleus: Magnocellular Layers (color, number, function)

A

Magnocellular- 2, blue, motion

29
Q

The primary visual cortex is also known as ___ or ____

A

V1 or the striate cortex

30
Q

Visual cortex: the extrastriate areas consist of

A

V2, V3, V4, and V5

31
Q

The secondary visual cortex is involved in ____

A

Association - where is it, what is it

32
Q

What part of the brain is associated with social attention?

A

STS - superior temporal sulcus

33
Q

Predictive vision refers to the fact that

A

faces are processed as a whole, not as parts

34
Q

Visual pathway grows more complex from the retina to the layers of the cortex. This is known as ___

A

hierarchical processing

35
Q

What is the order of visual processing?

A

Retina –> Optic tract –> Splits at Optic Chiasm –> lateral geniculate nucleus –> visual cortex –> dorsal/ventral pathway

Mind Brain Behavior (18 decks)

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