Introduction to the Brain Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
0
Q

What can damage to the frontal lobe lead to?

A

-mood changes, social differences

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1
Q

What are the 3 views of the brain?

A
  • Coronal (front)
  • Horizontal (top)
  • Sagittal (side)
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2
Q

What does the parietal lobe do?

A

-integrates sensory information, visuospatial processing, attention

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3
Q

What does the occipital lobe do?

A

Sense of sight, lesions can cause blindsight or cortical blindness

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4
Q

What does the temporal lobe do?

A

Processes sound, and complex stimuli like faces and scenes. Medial part involved in memory and emotion

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5
Q

What is cytoarchitecture?

A

The study of the cellular composition of the body’s tissues under the microscope

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6
Q

How were the 52 Brodmann Areas created?

A

Korbinian Brodmann used Nissl stain (a dye that attaches to nucleic acids) to examine the cytoarchitectural organization of neurons in the cerebral cortex

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7
Q

What are the 3 (x, y, z) of Talairach coordinates?

A

X. Medial-Lateral (Sagittal)
Y. Anterior-Posterior (Coronal)
Z. Dorsal-Ventral (Horizontal)

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8
Q

The brain is connected via…

A

white matter tracts

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9
Q

What is the first Super Highway of the brain? (starts with an A)

A

Arcuate fasciculus - temporal parietal junction - prefrontal cortex

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10
Q

What is the third Super highway?

A

Corticospinal tract- motor cortex to the spinal cord- it contains mostly motor axons

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11
Q

Where does the dorsal pathway run?

A

From the visual cortex dorsally over the parietal lobe forward to the prefrontal cortex

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12
Q

What is the dorsal pathway involved in?

A

Dorsal -“ Where? “

Spatial reasoning and the guidance of actions

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13
Q

Where does the ventral pathway run?

A

Runs ventrally down from the visual cortex to the temporal lobe and frontal cortex

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14
Q

What is the ventral pathway involved in?

A

“What” - object processing

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15
Q

What does damage to Broca’s area do?

A

Inability to spreak

16
Q

What does damage to Wernickes’ area result in?

A

Inability to comprehend words

17
Q

Lesions on the hippocampus result in…

A

amnesia

18
Q

What does the parietal cortex play a role in?

A

Switching our attention (along with the temporoparietal junction)

19
Q

What two concepts is fMRI based on?

A
  1. It takes energy to think. The brains main food sources are oxygen and glucose.
  2. Magnetic properties of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood are different.
20
Q

What is the main advantage and disadvantage of PET scan?

A

+Can tell us which neurotransmitters are being used

-Slow- (2 min blocks)

21
Q

How does a PET scan work?

A
  • Injects small amount of radioloabeled biologically active compounds (tracers)
  • Scanner produced an image of the distribution of the tracer in the body