Decision Making Flashcards

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0
Q

The cognitive perspective is that the decision making process must be regarded as ….

A

a continuous process integrated in the interaction with the environment

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1
Q

The psychological perspective on decision making is that it is necessary to examine individual decisions in the context of a set of _____

A

needs, preferences, and values

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2
Q

Normative perspective on decision making is the analysis of

A

logic and rationality and the invariant choice it leads to

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3
Q

Contrast normative and descriptive theories

A

normative theories tell us how we should make rational decisions vs. descriptive theories tell us how we actually make decision, now on how we should make them

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4
Q

behavior can deviate from normative accounts in ____ ways

A

systematic

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5
Q

System 1

A

Rational, controlled, conscious, cold, reflective, forward-looking, effortful and exhaustible, ANALYTIC

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6
Q

System 2

A

Emotional, automatic, unconscious, hot, reflexive, myopic, effortless, fast, AFFECTIVE

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7
Q

Rational and cognitive systems are generally associated with ______

A

prefrontal/parietal cortex

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8
Q

Value systems are generally associated with the _____

A

dopamine system (striatum, vmPFC)

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9
Q

Emotional systems are associated with the ___ and ___

A

amygdala and insula

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10
Q

In the marshmallow test, correlational results included (as teenagers and as adults)

A

as teenagers: higher scores on standardized tests, more popular, more confident; as adults: job success, criminal convictions, physical health, credit score

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11
Q

Findings highlights aversive processes in the _____ as underlying the default bias and suggest that choosing the default may be rewarding in itself

A

insula

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12
Q

Product preference activated the _____

A

nucleus accumbens, i.e. the caudate aka the striatum

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13
Q

Excessive prices activate the ______ and deactivate the ____ prior to the purchase decision

A

insula; medial prefrontal cortex

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14
Q

Goal-directed decisions have their basis in a common value signal encoded in the _______

A

ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC)

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15
Q

Exercising self-control involves the modulation of value signals by the _____

A

dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC)

16
Q

Framing effect

A

a cognitive bias in which people react differently to a particular choice depending on whether it is presented as a loss or as a gain; some are more susceptible than others

17
Q

The less rational the more activity in the ____

A

amygdala

18
Q

The more rational, the more activity in the _____

A

prefrontal cortex

19
Q

Ultimatum Game: fairness preference shows greater activity in the ________

A

vmPFC, amygdala, and ventral striatum

20
Q

Ultimatum game: accepting unfair offers associated with decreased activity in the ___

A

anterior insula

21
Q

Trusting others: The _____ differentiated between positive and negative feedback but only for the neutral partner. This suggests that prior social and moral perceptions can diminish reliance on feedback mechanisms in the neural circuity of trial-and-error reward learning

A

caudate nucleus