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Intelligence Flashcards

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0
Q

“Intelligence is the ability to adapt to change” -

A

Stephen Hawking

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1
Q

IQ=

A

Mental age/ calendar age x 100

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2
Q

“A very general mental capability that, among other things, involves the ability to reason, plan, solve, problems, think abstractly, comprehend complex ideas, learn quickly and learn from experience. It is not merely book learning…it reflects a broader and deeper capability for comprehending our surroundings- “catching on,” “making sense” of things or figuring out what to do” –

A

In Mainstream Science on Intelligence (1994) - an editorial statement by 52 researchers

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3
Q

Alan Turing wrote the first paper on ______, is considered the father of ____, and saved 14 to 21 million lives by ______

A

Alan Turing wrote the first paper on how to create a computer (1936), is considered the father of AI (1950), and saved 14 to 21 million lives by inventing the German Enigma Machine.

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4
Q

Edward Jenner invented…

A

the smallpox vaccine by observing that milkmaids who had caught cowpox did not catch smallpox

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5
Q

Highest IQs on record–

A

Newton (190), Einstein (160), Darwin (153), Physicist and Engineer Kim Ung-yong (210), Bouncer Michael Langan (195), Stephen Hawking (160)

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6
Q

Savanna Principle - Theory developed by _____ that

A

Kanazawa - human brain became intelligent through evolution - movement across Africa created many problems that needed high intelligence- those who could solve them, survived

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7
Q

IQ ranking system on bell-shaped curve

A

Average (90-109), 110-119 (Superior Intelligence), 120-129 (Very Superior Intelligence), 130-139 (Gifted), 140+ (Genius or near genius)

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8
Q

68% of people fall between __ and __ on the IQ bell curve

A

85-115

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9
Q

On the IQ bell curve, about 14% of people fall between __ and ___, another 14% fall between __ and ___

A

Between 70 and 85, between 115-130

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10
Q

On the IQ bell curve, 2% fall between ____ and ____, another 2% fall between ___ and ____

A

55 and 70, 130-145

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11
Q

On the IQ bell curve, college graduates tend to be ____ above the average person. Graduates of elite universities tend to be ____ above average

A

one standard deviation, more than two standard deviations

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12
Q

The Flynn effect is the name given to the

A

long sustained increase in intelligence test scores measured in many parts of the world

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13
Q

Ulric Neisser estimates that using the IQ values of today, the average IQ in 1932 was ___

A

80

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14
Q

What are some reasons given for the flynn effect?

A

rise in preschool, more testing, better nutrition and educated parenting

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15
Q

The central argument of the Bell Curve is intelligence highly genetic and a better predictor of many personal dynamics, including financial income, job performance, unwanted pregnancy, and involvement in crime than parental socioeconomic status and education level

A

1994 Book

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16
Q

People with low IQs are more likely to

A

get married by age 30, get divorced within 5 years, live in poverty, be incarcerated, drop out of high school

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17
Q

Charles Spearman

A

general and fluid factor

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18
Q

Louis Thurstone

A

intelligence as a person’s pattern of mental abilities, 7 primary mental abilities

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19
Q

Howard Gardner

A

multiple intelligences (8 separate kinds of intelligence)

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20
Q

Sternberg

A

Triarchic Theory

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21
Q

Charles Spearman theorizes that a _____ underlies other, specific aspects of intelligence. He noticed how people who did well on one test tended to do similarly well on others

A

general intelligence (g)

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22
Q

Who coined the term g factor

A

Charles Spearman

23
Q

Charles Spearman divided intelligence into ___ and _____

A

crystallized and fluid intelligence

24
Q

Crystallized intelligence refers to __

A

learning from past experiences

25
Q

Test that involve reading comprehension and vocabulary exams require___

A

crystallized intelligence

26
Q

This type of intelligence is based on facts and is rooted in experience

A

crystallized intelligence

27
Q

This type of intelligence becomes stronger as we age and accumulate new knowledge and understanding

A

Crystallized intelligence

28
Q

Fluid intelligence

A

the ability to think and reason abstractly and solve problems

29
Q

This intelligence is considered independent of learning, experience, and education

A

fluid intelligence

30
Q

This type of intelligence is used in coming up with problem solving strategies

A

Fluid intelligence

31
Q

Fluid intelligence peaks during _____ and begins to decline progressively beginning around age _____

A

adolesence, 30 or 40

32
Q

Who said that intelligence is a cluster of abilities?

A

Louis L. Thurstone

33
Q

Who believed that there were 7 different primary mental abilities that are independent from each other

A

Louis L. Thurstone

34
Q

Who claimed that the g factor was just an average overall score of independent from each other?

A

Louis L. Thurstone

35
Q

Verbal comprehension, word fluency, number facility, spatial visualization, associative memory, perceptual speed, and reasoning compose

A

Thurstone’s 7 Primary Mental Abilities

36
Q

Musical-rhythmic, visual-spatial, verbal-linguistic, logical-mathematical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalistic are

A

the 8 multiple intelligences proposed by Howard Gardner

37
Q

Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory is composed of

A

3 mental abilities (not intellgences)

38
Q

The three mental abilities of Sternberg’s Triarchic Thoery are:

A
  1. Analytic Intelligence (mental processes used in learning how to solve problems)
  2. Creative Intelligence (ability to deal with novel situations by drawing on existing skills and knowledge)
  3. Practical Intelligence (ability to adapt to the environment- street smarts)
39
Q

Intelligence tests give a characteristic pattern of activity in the __ ___, __ ___, and ____ ____.

A

posterolateral frontal, dorsomedial frontal, and midparietal cortex

40
Q

In Lee et all, regional activations of the superior-g group were significant stronger than those of the control group, especially in the the ___ ___ __

A

posterior parietal cortex

41
Q

In Lee et al, regression analysis revealed that activity of the ____ and ___ cortices strongly covaried with individual differences in g

A

superior and intraparietal

42
Q

The results of Lee et al suggest that the superior g may be due to the functional faciliation of the _____ network particularly driven by ___ ____ activation

A

fronto-parietal, posterior parietal activation

43
Q

Thomas Harvey

A

removed Einstein’s brain and sliced it up more than 200 cubes and slivers to preserve them

44
Q

Research on Einstein’s parietal lobes - which are implicated in ___, ___, and ___ cognition - were ___ wider than normal

A

mathematical, visual, and spatial cognition - 15% wider than normal

45
Q

Falk identified a rare pattern of grooves in the ___ regions of Einstein’s brain, that she speculates might be related to Einstein’s superior ability to _____

A

parietal, conceptualize physics problems

46
Q

Einstein’s talent as ___ ___ may have arisen from the unusual anatomy of his brain. He was often able to think in images

A

synthetic thinker

47
Q

In Einstein’s brain, the ____ and ____ were merged

A

language and math/spatial areas

48
Q

IQ tests do a good job of measuring

A

abstract thinking, problem solving, ability to acquire knowledge

49
Q

IQ tests do not measure

A

creativity, achievement motivation, goal-oriented behavior, or the ability to adapt to one’s environment

50
Q

Correlates with IQ

A

Height, atheism, liberal, humor, homosexuality

51
Q

Galton’s definition of eugenics

A

“the science which deals with all influences that improve the inborn qualities of a race; also with those that develop them to the utmost advantage”

52
Q

Dunning-Kruger effect

A

A cognitive bias in which unskilled individuals suffer from illusory superiority

53
Q

Kruger and Dunning proposed that for a given skill, incompetent people will:

A
  1. Tend to overestimate their own level of skill
  2. Fail to recognize genuine skill in others
  3. Fail to recognize the extremity of their inadequacy
54
Q

Imposter syndrome

A

A psychological phenomenon in which people are unable to internalize their accomplishments

55
Q

Jason Padgett

A

mathematical genius with acquired savant syndrome

56
Q

Derek Amato

A

musical composer with acquired savant syndrome

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