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Mind Brain Behavior > Body Ownership > Flashcards

Body Ownership Flashcards

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0
Q

Researcher found that each finger (D1-D5) was represented within three subregions of S1 in the _______ ( _ )

A

postcentral gyrus (BA 1, 2, 3)

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1
Q

Where are body parts stored in our brains?

A

Human primary Somatosensory cortex

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2
Q

The somatosensory cortex is also known as the

A

postcentral gyrus

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3
Q

Somatoparaphrenia

A

Delusion where one denies ownership of a limb

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4
Q

Somatoparaphrenia has been reported in _________ with ____ and ___ deficits

A

right-brain-damaged patients, with motor and somatosensory deficits

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5
Q

Somatoparaphrenia may occur without associated _____ or _____

A

anosognosia or personal neglect

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6
Q

Asomatognosia

A

patients feel that parts of their body are missing or disappeared

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7
Q

Asomatognosia shows that

A

visual input is critical to sense of ownership

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8
Q

Two small lesions to the _____ and _____ can be responsible for asomatognosia

A

right premotor cortex and motor cortex

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9
Q

Amputees with phantom limbs may have ____ to relieve pain

A

mirror therapy

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10
Q

____, ____, and _____ are all correlated leading us to feel ownership over our limbs

A

Touch, vision, and movement

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11
Q

Superadditivity

A

Where the whole is more than the sum of the parts

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12
Q

Multisensory neurons include ____ (in ___), Area ___, ____ (in _____) and the ______ (____).

A

VIP (sulcus), Area 7b, F4 (Ventral premotor area), and the putamen (subcortical)

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13
Q

Human _____ and ____ cortices perform multisensory integration

A

premotor; intraparietal

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14
Q

**The somatosensory cortex is involved in _______

A

The representation of body parts

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15
Q

**The motor cortex is involved in _______

A

multisensory processing the of the body (touch, vision)

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16
Q

Perceptual rules of Rubber hand illusion: the brush strokes must be synchronous (______), and in the right direction (_____). The rubber hand must be anatomically aligned (____), the rubber hand must be placed within reaching distance (30 cm from the real hand),

A

Temporal congruency principle; spatial congruency principle, spatial congruency principle

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17
Q

In the rubber hand illusion, activity in the _____ and _____ (multisensory areas) reflects the feeling of ownership

A

premotor cortex, intraparietal cortex

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18
Q

During the rubber hand illusion, threat-evoked response increases as feeling of ownership increases. This is reflected by increased activity in the _______

A

L. insula

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19
Q

Multisensory integration in the ____ reflects limb ownership

A

premotor cortex

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20
Q

A 64 year old woman has a ghost arm, which she claims to ____. She uses it to

A

see and feel; touch objects and scratch her head

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21
Q

When the woman imagined scratching her cheek her ghost arm, there was activity found in the _____, which are known to be involved in arm movements, and in the ______, which is involved with feelings of touch

A

premotor areas and somatosensory area

22
Q

A preliminary model of illusory limb ownership: begins with the processing of visual and tactile signals in early sensory areas, integration of visual and tactile signals in the _____, recalibration of position sense in the ____, and dynamic integration of temporally and spatially congruent multisensory signals in the ____ produce ownership. There are changes in other brain systems, such as the emotional system, too.

A

parietal cortex, motor regions, premotor cortex (PMv)

23
Q

Pathological conditions affecting the ___ and ___ lobes can sometimes fail to recognize their limbs as belonging to themselves

A

frontal and parietal

24
Q

In the body illusion study, when the researchers threatened the mannequin they measured the _______ as an objective measure of ____. They found a direct relationship between the degree of _____ and the strength of the _____

A

skin conductance response (SCR), anxiety; anxiety, illusory body ownership

25
Q

In the body illusion experiment, the key result was that

A

There was significantly greater skin conductance response (SCR) when the participant’s virtual body was threatened with the knife in the synchronous condition than in the control conditions (with a spoon or with a knife after asynchronous stimulation)

26
Q

**In a body swap study, Petkova et al (2011) found experience of full-body ownership reflected in the _____, and ______

A

bilateral ventral premotor cortex and left intraparietal cortex

27
Q

In Petkova et. al (2011), there was a ____ correlation between illusion strength and activity in multisensory areas

A

positive

28
Q

Body-part-centered multisensory information integration occurs in the ____ and ____

A

bilateral ventral premotor cortex and left intraparietal cortex

29
Q

In the barbie doll illusion, the altered perception of space assessed by having subjects estimate _______ and then _____. The illusion of having a small body caused a ______ of both ___ and ____

A

the size of different blocks, walk over to the blocks with their eyes shut; overestimation, size, distance

30
Q

Happiness is associated with longer life and increased self-worth (turn down unfair financial offers)

A

-

31
Q

Correlates with happiness

A

Education, marriage, IQ

32
Q

The highest proportion of people saying they are very happy fall in an IQ range of ___

A

120-129

33
Q

Kahneman and coworkers showed that people with above-average income are relatively satisfied with their lives but are ______. They also tend to be more tense, and do not spend time doing particularly enjoyable activities. Moreover, the effect of income on life satisfaction seems to be transient

A

barely happier than other in moment-to-moment experience

34
Q

Kahneman et al argue that people exaggerate the contribution of income to happiness because they focus, in part, on ______

A

conventional achievements when evaluating their life or the lives of otehrs

35
Q

Dunn and coworkers (2008) concluded that spending money on _____ predicted greater happiness

A

other people

36
Q

Speaking about ourselves is rewarding (Tamir & Mitchell 2012)

A

There may be some intrinsic value in self-disclosure, it may increase social bonds and alliances

37
Q

Optimism bias

A

The belief that the self is less at risk of experiencing a negative event compared to others

38
Q

People have a tendency to think positively about ____

A

future events

39
Q

In health, the optimism bias….

A

tends to prevent individuals from taking preventative measures for good health

40
Q

Imagination and optimism bias corresponds to activity in the

A

rostral anterior cingulate cortex and the amygdala

41
Q

Gilbert and Wilson coined the term ______ to encompass a number of biases and mechanisms that protect people from experiencing extreme negative emotions

A

psychological immune system

42
Q

The psychological immune system is one reason why people are so poor at ____

A

affective forecasting - we typically underestimate the extent to which these processes will shield us from a negative event

43
Q

They psychological immune system follow this pattern:

A

people think it’s going to feel bad, but generally it’s not as bad as they expect, and people recover quicker than they predict

44
Q

Focalism - the focusing effect

A

The tendency to neglect the influence of other factors in minimizing the event’s impact (e.g. when asked who is happier Californians vs. Midwesterners, people tend to focus on the sunny weather and easy going vibe of California, while neglecting other factors)

45
Q

Impact Bias

A

The tendency for people to overestimate the length or the intensity of future feeling states

46
Q

Impact bias and focalism are both mechanisms of the ___

A

psychological immune system

47
Q

Impact bias for memories

A

Wilson et. al showed that people overestimate the impact of past events on their happiness (they found that Bush supporters overestimated how happy they had been when Bush won the election)

48
Q

Viewing pictures of our lovers results in activity in _____

A

reward areas (dopamine production centers)

49
Q

Ejaculation is associated with activity in the

A

ventral tegmental area (VTA)

50
Q

For women: the cuter the baby, the more activity in _____. This may promote ______, regardless of ____

A

reward areas; human caregiving, kinship

51
Q

Laughter is a signal of ___ and ____

A

trust and cooperation

52
Q

Laughter is a natural stress antagonist that possibly enhances the ___, ___, and ___ systems

A

cardiovascular, immune, and endocrine

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