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ANP 1106 > Vision > Flashcards

Vision Flashcards

1
Q

what lubricates and protects the eyes

A

conjunctiva

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2
Q

what muscle elevates the upper eyelid

A

levator palpebrae superioris

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3
Q

whats another name for the eyelids

A

palpebrae

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4
Q

dissect the name: levator palpebrae superioris

A

levator (levetates, brings up)
palpebrae (eyelid)
superioris (upper, more superior)
therefore it brings up the upper eyelid

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5
Q

what gland produces and secretes tears

A

lacrimal gland

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6
Q

where do tears empty

A

through the nose, hence a runny nose when crying

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7
Q

most of the focusing of light occurs at the

A

cornea

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8
Q

what is the aperture that lets light pass through

A

the pupil

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9
Q

what are the two muscles in the iris

A

sphincter pupillae
dilator pupillae

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10
Q

what is the sclera

A

the whites of your eyes

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11
Q

why can light not be absorbed at the optic disk

A

it is pack with myelinated axons, not photoreceptors

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12
Q

what are the interneurons in the eye

A

anacrine cells
horizontal cells

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13
Q

what is known as your blind spot

A

the optic disk

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14
Q

what is the site where optic nerves leave the eye

A

optic disk

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15
Q

the lens ______ for distant visison

A

flattens

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16
Q

the lens _________ for close vision

A

bulges

17
Q

when the ciliary muscle is contracted, does the lens bulge or flatten

A

bulge

18
Q

what are the ciliary zonules

A

ligaments between the lens and ciliary muscle

19
Q

how many types of cone cells are there

A

3

20
Q

how many types of rod cells are there

A

1

21
Q

what is the visual pigment in rods

A

rhodopsin

22
Q

what is in the rhodopsin

A

retinal
opsin

23
Q

the cGMP gated cation channels are _____ in the dark

A

open

24
Q

the cGMP gated cation channels are _____ in the light

A

closed

25
Q

what is the first order neuron in vision

A

bipolar cells

26
Q

what is the second order neuron in vision

A

ganglion cells

27
Q

where do the ganglion cells cross the midline

A

a the optic chiasma

28
Q

what are the two hemiretinas

A

nasal and temporal

29
Q

what hemiretina crosses the midline

A

nasal

30
Q

what hemiretina does not cross the midline

A

temporal

31
Q

what forms the optic tract

A

axons of retinal ganglion cells

32
Q

what is the superior colliculus involved in

A

initiating visual reflexes

33
Q

what is the pretectal nuclei involved with

A

pupillary reflexes

34
Q

what is the optic radiations

A

a bundle of fibers that go from the thalamus to the visual cortex

35
Q

are there more rods or cones

A

rods (20 rods per cone)

36
Q

do rods or cones have high acuity

A

cones

37
Q

what type of photoreceptors are mostly in peripheral retina

A

rods

38
Q

what type of photoreceptors are mostly in central retina

A

cones

ANP 1106 (13 decks)

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