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ANP 1106 > Spine and ribs > Flashcards

Spine and ribs Flashcards

1
Q

How many bones are there in the vertebral column

A

33, 24 remain separate for flexibility

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2
Q

How many cervical vertebrae are there

A

7

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3
Q

How many thoracic vertebrae are there

A

12

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4
Q

How many lumbar vertebrae are there

A

5

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5
Q

What do the 5 sacral vertebrae form in adults

A

Sacrum

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6
Q

What are the three main functions of the vertebral column

A

Bear weight
anchor for muscles and ligaments
protect spinal cord

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7
Q

What are the 2 main concave curves

A

cervical and lumbar

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8
Q

What are the two main convex curves

A

thoracic and sacral

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9
Q

What are the 4 main curves in the spine

A

Cervical
lumbar
thoracic
sacral

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10
Q

What are the two kinds of supporting elements

A

Ligaments
Intervertebral discs

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11
Q

What are the major 2 ligaments

A

Anterior longitudinal
Posterior longitudinal

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12
Q

What is the name of the thinner ligament

A

posterior longitudinal

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13
Q

What ligament is only attached to discs

A

Posterior longitudinal

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14
Q

What ligament prevents hyperextension

A

Anterior longitudinal

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15
Q

What ligament prevents hyperflexion

A

Posterior longitudinal

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16
Q

What is the main purpose of the intervertebral discs

A

Cushions/Absorbs shock between vertebral bones

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17
Q

What are the two parts of intervertebral discs

A

Nucleus pulposus
Annulus fibrosus

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18
Q

What is the nucleus pulposus

A

the center of intervertebral discs

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19
Q

What is the function of the nucleus pulposus

A

elasticity and compressibility

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20
Q

Where is the annulus fibrosis

A

Surrounding the nucleus pulposus on intervertebral discs

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21
Q

What are the functions of the annulus fibrosis (2)

A

Resists tension
Holds together successive vertebrae

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22
Q

What is the annulus fibrosis made of (2)

A

fibrocartilage and collagen

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23
Q

Where are the intervertebral discs the thickest and why

A

Sacral regions (at the bottom of the spine)
Bears the most weight, lots of bending etc

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24
Q

Vertebral foramen: where, why and what

A

massive hole enclosed by the body and arch of the vertebrae
allows spinal cord to pass through

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25
Q

Vertebral arch consists of 2____ and 2______

A

2 pedicles that form the sides of the arch
2 laminae that are the fused flat plates

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26
Q

What are the two processes on vertebrae that project laterally and are used for muscle attachment

A

Transverse processes

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27
Q

What is the process that projects posteriorly and used for muscle attachment

A

Spinous process

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28
Q

How many processes does a vertebrae have

A

7

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29
Q

What are the 7 vertebral processes?

A

2 transverse
1 spinous
2 superior articular processes
2 inferior articular processes

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30
Q

What is the purpose of the inferior and superior articular processes

A

Link the vertebrae above and below one another

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31
Q

What are the two weird cervical vertebrae? Their names?

A

C1 - atlas
C2 - axis

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32
Q

What is the shape of the body of the cervical vertebrae

A

Oval

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33
Q

What kind of vertebrae has a short spinous process

A

Cervical

34
Q

What kind of vertebrae has spinous processes that split at the end, whats the exception

A

cervical
C7

35
Q

What kind of vertebrae has a LARGE vertebral foramen

A

Cervical

36
Q

What is the transverse foramen, where, and why

A

Hole in the transverse processes of cervical vertebrae and for vertebral artery and vein

37
Q

What is special about the body of the atlas

A

Has no body or spinous process

38
Q

What do the superior facets of the atlas articulate with

A

occipital condyles

39
Q

The atlas vertebra has lateral masses with what on them?

A

Superior and inferior articular facets

40
Q

Foramen

A

large hole or opening in bone

41
Q

What is the odontoid process; function and location

A

found on the axis
Used to attach to the atlas to allow it to pivot

42
Q

What kind of vertebrae articulate with the ribs

A

Thoracic

43
Q

Describe the body of thoracic vertebrae; shape and additional features

A

Heart shaped
Has facets for rib articulation

44
Q

What vertebrae has a circular vertebral foramen

A

Thoracic

45
Q

What kind of vertebrae has a long spinous process that points down

A

Thoracic

46
Q

What thoracic vertebrae has facets on its transverse processes and why

A

T1-T10
To articulate with the tubercles of ribs

47
Q

Describe the shape of lumbar vertebrae bodies

A

Kidney shaped

48
Q

What kind of vertebrae has shorter and thicker pedicles and laminae

A

Lumbar

49
Q

What kind of vertebrae have spinous process that point directly back

A

Lumbar

50
Q

What kind of vertebrae has a triangular vertebral foramen

A

Lumbar

51
Q

What feature prevents rotation in the lumbar vertebrae

A

The superior facets face inwards, and inferior facets face outwards

52
Q

What do facets do?

A

Articulate with stuff

53
Q

How many vertebrae does the sacrum start as

A

5

54
Q

What does the sacrum articulate with (3)

A

L5
Coccyx
hip bones

55
Q

What is the name of the joint between the hip bones and the sacrum

A

sacroiliac joint

56
Q

What is the function of the coccygeal vertebrae

A

Form the coccyx, the attachment site for some pelvic muscles

57
Q

What are the four components of the thoracic cage

A

thoracic vertebrae
Ribs
Sternum
costal cartilage

58
Q

What are the three functions of the thoracic cage

A

cage for heart lungs and BV
supports shoulders and upper limbs
attachment site for chest, back and shoulder muscles

59
Q

What are the three bones that make up the sternum

A

Manubrium
Body
Xiphoid process

60
Q

What does the manubrium articulate with

A

Clavicles

61
Q

The body of the sternum has notches to articulate with what ribs

A

2-7

62
Q

What is the function of the xiphoid process

A

site of attachment for some abdominal muscles

63
Q

What are the three big landmarks of the sternum

A

Jugular notch
Sternal angle
Xiphisternal joint

64
Q

What is the sternum landmark you can feel on your chest

A

Jugular notch

65
Q

where is the jugular notch

A

in line with the disc between T2 and T3

66
Q

The sternal angle is a hitch between what

A

The manubrium and body of sternum

67
Q

What is the sternal angle made of

A

Cartilage

68
Q

What is the function of the xiphisternal joint

A

fusion between the sternal body and xiphoid process

69
Q

Where is the sternal angle in regards to vertebrae

A

in line with the disc between T4 and T5

70
Q

Where is the xiphisternal joint

A

Opposite T9

71
Q

How do the true ribs attach to the sternum

A

Via costal cartilages

72
Q

What is another name for the true ribs

A

Vertebrosternal

73
Q

Whats another name for false ribs

A

Vertebrochondral

74
Q

What are the false ribs

A

8-10

75
Q

What do we call the two ribs not attached to sternum at all

A

Floating ribs

76
Q

What are the three components of ribs

A

Shaft
Head
Tubercle

77
Q

What is the main part of the rib

A

The shaft

78
Q

What is the costal groove and its function

A

the inner surface of the inferior border of the body of the rib
it accommodates the intercostal neurovascular bundle

79
Q

How many facets does the head of ribs have

A

2

80
Q

What do the two facets of the rib head articulate with

A

1 with the demi facet on the same numbered vertebrae
1 with the demi facet on the vertebrae above it

ANP 1106 (13 decks)

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