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ANP 1106 > Bones and skeleton shit > Flashcards

Bones and skeleton shit Flashcards

1
Q

Trabeculae

A

Small supporting beam in spongy bone tissue

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2
Q

What are the three types of cartilage

A

Hyaline
Elastic
Fibrocartilage

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3
Q

What type of cartilage is the most abundant

A

Hyaline

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4
Q

What gives bone tissue it’s hardness

A

Calcium salts

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5
Q

What are the cavities in bone tissue for (2)

A

Fat storage and blood cell synthesis

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6
Q

What are the four stages of creating a bone cell

A

osteoprogenitor cell
osteoblast
osteocyte
osteoclast

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7
Q

What is the dense outer layer of bone

A

Compact bone

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8
Q

What is the name for spongy bone

A

Trabecular bone

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9
Q

What is the periosteum

A

Membrane that covers the outer layer of bone

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10
Q

What does the periosteum consist of (2)

A

outer fibrous layer
inner osteogenic layer

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11
Q

What is the fibrous layer of the periosteum made of

A

dense irregular connective tissue

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12
Q

What is the osteogenic layer of the periosteum made of

A

osteoblasts

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13
Q

What is the endosteum

A

membrane that covers trabeculae and lines canals

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14
Q

What does the axial skeleton consist of

A

Head and torso

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15
Q

What does the appendicular skeleton consist of

A

Limbs

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16
Q

How are bones classified

A

By their shape

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17
Q

What are the 4 types of bone classification

A

Long bones
Short bones
Flat bones
Irregular bones

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18
Q

What is the bone resorbing cell

A

Osteoclast

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19
Q

What cell is responsible for bone growth

A

Osteoblast

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20
Q

What is the name for the shaft of long bones

A

Diaphysis

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21
Q

What part of a long bone has a marrow cavity

A

Diaphysis

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22
Q

Whats the name for the ends of a long bone

A

Epiphysis

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23
Q

What is the interior of epiphyses filled with

A

Spongy bone

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24
Q

Epiphyses have a thin layer of what on outer surface

A

Hyaline cartilage

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25
Q

Whats another word for compact bone

A

Lamellar bone

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26
Q

What is the haversian system

A

Osteons

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27
Q

What is the structural unit of compact bone

A

Osteons

28
Q

Describe the shape of an osteon

A

Long cylinder
Several rings of bone matrix

29
Q

What are lamella

A

Rings of bone matrix

30
Q

Why do collagen fibers run in different directions in osteons

A

Increase strength

31
Q

What is an articular surface

A

Joint

32
Q

What does lamellar bone consist of (3)

A

Osteon
canals/canaliculi
interstitial and circumferential lamellae

33
Q

What canal is a passageway for blood vessels

A

Central canal

34
Q

Whats the role of perforating canals

A

Connects central canals

35
Q

Does spongy bone have osteons

A

No

36
Q

What kind of bone has osteons

A

Lamellar bone

37
Q

whats the name for small cavities within bony matrix

A

Lacunae

38
Q

what are the canals that connect lacunae

A

canaliculi

39
Q

what fills gaps between forming osteons

A

interstitial lamellae

40
Q

sheets of bone deep to periosteum

A

Circumferential lamellae

41
Q

What are the four steps of repairing a fracture

A

Hematoma forms
Fibrocartilaginous callus forms
Bony callus forms
bone remodeling occurs

42
Q

in what step of fracture repairs do macrophages come to clean up the area

A

when fibrocartilaginous callus forms

43
Q

when do osteoclasts resorb damaged bone

A

during the formation of fibrocartilaginous callus

44
Q

what 3 cells lay down collagen fibers and tissue during fracture repair

A

fibroblasts
osteoblasts
chondroblasts

45
Q

What happens when a hematoma forms

A

local bone cells lose oxygen and die

46
Q

What occurs when bony callus forms in fracture repair

A

cartilage is converted to trabecular bone

47
Q

what is osteoporosis

A

when the bones become porous

48
Q

How does estrogen affect osteoporosis (2)

A

Restrains osteoclast activity
Promotes deposition of new bone

49
Q

What happens if osteoclasts are too active

A

Bone becomes porous

50
Q

What is the epiphyseal line a remnant of

A

growth plate

51
Q

Where will you find the epiphyseal line

A

Between diaphysis and epiphysis

52
Q

Where can you find a marrow cavity excluding long bones

A

nowhere ;)

53
Q

What are the four zones of interstitial growth

A

Proliferation zone
Hypertrophic zone
Calcification zone
Ossification zone

54
Q

In what zone of interstitial growth do cartilage cells undergo mitosis

A

proliferation zone

55
Q

What happens at the hypertrophic zone

A

old cartilage cells enlarge

56
Q

What signifies the end of longitudinal growth

A

When the epiphyseal plates close

57
Q

What is the name for bones getting thicker

A

Appositional growth

58
Q

What bone cell deposits new bone

A

Osteoblasts

59
Q

What two things happen during appositional growth

A

Osteoblasts lay down bone
Osteoclasts resorbs inner bone

60
Q

Where are the 4 zones for interstitial growth located

A

At the epiphyseal plates

61
Q

What model is the basis for endocronal ossification

A

Hyaline cartilage model

62
Q

In short bones, what do they have instead of secondary ossification centers

A

Nothing, they only have a primary

63
Q

Do irregular bones have secondary ossification centers

A

Not necessarily, they just have a bunch of centers

64
Q

What glands release parathyroid hormones

A

Parathyroid glands

65
Q

Whats the function of parathyroid hormones

A

Tell osteoclasts to resorb bone, and deposit that calcium into the bloodstream

66
Q

What does parathyroid hormones control

A

Calcium homeostasis

ANP 1106 (13 decks)

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