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ANP 1106 > Sensory > Flashcards

Sensory Flashcards

1
Q

what is a dermatome

A

band like sensory territories

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2
Q

activation of sensory receptors results in

A

graded depolarizations -> action potentials

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3
Q

where does sensation and perception occur

A

cerebral cortex

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4
Q

where does reflex activity take place

A

spinal cord

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5
Q

what is transduction

A

conversion of a stimulus into neuronal electrochemical property

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6
Q

what is another name for a receptor potential

A

generator potential

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7
Q

what is the name for a transmembrane potential difference produced by activation of a sensory receptor

A

receptor potential

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8
Q

how is a receptor potential often produced

A

by sensory transduction

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9
Q

nociception is the perception of _____

A

stimuli

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10
Q

what root of the spinal cord only allows afferent (towards) signals

A

dorsal roots

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11
Q

what root of the spinal cord only allows efferent (away) signals

A

ventral roots

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12
Q

where is the pain message received

A

thalamus and cerebral cortex

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13
Q

what is the role of enkephalin

A

it blocks the release of neurotransmitters from pain fibers

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14
Q

what is referred pain

A

when pain cannot be represented in the actual area its from ie heart, it hitchhikes off nearby receptors and it will be felt somewhere else - ie pain from the heart is felt down the left arm and up the left side of the face

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15
Q

what are exteroceptors

A

respond to stimuli from outside the body

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16
Q

what class of receptors includes the special sense organs

A

exteroceptors

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17
Q

what are interoceptors

A

respond to stimuli from inside the body

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18
Q

what are exteroceptors sensitive to 4

A

touch
pressure
pain
temp

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19
Q

what are interoceptors sensitive to 3

A

chemical changes
stretch
temp changes

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20
Q

what two places are interoceptors found

A

internal viscera
blood vessels

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21
Q

what kind of receptor is a baroreceptor

A

interoceptor

22
Q

what is a mechanoreceptor and what 5 things do they respond to

A

a receptor that responds to touch, pressure, stretch, vibration and itch

23
Q

what do thermoreceptors respond to

A

changes in temp

24
Q

what do photoreceptors respond to

A

light energy - retina

25
Q

what do chemoreceptors respond to

A

chemicals

26
Q

what are chemoreceptors important for

A

smelling and tasting

27
Q

what type of receptors are important to smell and taste

A

chemoreceptors

28
Q

what kind of receptors are sensitive to pain causing stimuli

A

nociceptors

29
Q

how many kinds of thermoreceptors are there

A

8

30
Q

what is a transient receptor potential family of proteins

A

family of proteins that changes conformation based on the temp theyre exposed to

31
Q

what do proprioceptors respond to

A

degree of stretch of an organ

32
Q

where are proprioceptors found 5

A

skeletal muscles, joints, tendons, ligaments, connective tissue coverings

33
Q

what kind of receptors gives the brain info concerning movement and body position

A

proprioceptors

34
Q

are most receptors simple or complex

A

simple

35
Q

what does it meant to have unencapsulated receptors

A

free nerve endings

36
Q

what is a complex receptor

A

they are special sense organs in contact with a free nerve ending

37
Q

how does a complex receptor differ from a simple one

A

a stimulus will depolarize a receptor cell first, and then reach the complex receptor afferent neuron going to the CNS, whereas the simple one just takes the stimulus directly to the CNS

38
Q

the more intense the stimulation, the higher the _______ of the action potentials

A

frequency

39
Q

what is it called when even though a stimulus is still present, no action potentials are produced

A

rapidly adapting

40
Q

name two examples of a rapidly adapting sensory units

A

smell
putting on clothes
any thing that you get used to over time

41
Q

is pain rapidly adapting or slowly adapting sensation

A

slowly

42
Q

is smell a rapidly adapting sensation or slowly adapting sensatioin

A

rapidly adapting

43
Q

do pain receptors exibit adaptation

A

no

44
Q

do proprioceptors exhibit adaptation

A

no

45
Q

what is a word for when a receptor does not exhibit adaptation

A

tonic receptors

46
Q

what is a word to describe receptors that adapt quickly

A

phasic receptors

47
Q

does sensory acuity vary based on types of receptors

A

no

48
Q

sensory acuity varies based on the _________ of the receptor

A

position/location

49
Q

is the spread of sensory receptors larger on the lip or thigh

A

thigh

50
Q

why is the lip able to detect stimuli on a finer scale than on the thigh

A

sensory receptors are a lot closer together and go over a smaller range, so if it feels touch, the neuron for that exact position will pass on the stimulus, whereas on the thigh, you could touch in multiple spots close together and still be touching the same afferent neruon

51
Q

what can cause the location of a stimulus be a little bit cloudy

A

overlapping stimulation

52
Q

what is lateral inhibition

A

when a stimulus overlaps between receptive fields, an interneuron will inhibit the AP’s on the part that overlaps, and increase the AP’s on the affected neuron

ANP 1106 (13 decks)

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