Sensory

Question 1

what is a dermatome

Answer 1

band like sensory territories

Question 2

activation of sensory receptors results in

Answer 2

graded depolarizations -> action potentials

Question 3

where does sensation and perception occur

Answer 3

cerebral cortex

Question 4

where does reflex activity take place

Answer 4

spinal cord

Question 5

what is transduction

Answer 5

conversion of a stimulus into neuronal electrochemical property

Question 6

what is another name for a receptor potential

Answer 6

generator potential

Question 7

what is the name for a transmembrane potential difference produced by activation of a sensory receptor

Answer 7

receptor potential

Question 8

how is a receptor potential often produced

Answer 8

by sensory transduction

Question 9

nociception is the perception of _____

Answer 9

stimuli

Question 10

what root of the spinal cord only allows afferent (towards) signals

Answer 10

dorsal roots

Question 11

what root of the spinal cord only allows efferent (away) signals

Answer 11

ventral roots

Question 12

where is the pain message received

Answer 12

thalamus and cerebral cortex

Question 13

what is the role of enkephalin

Answer 13

it blocks the release of neurotransmitters from pain fibers

Question 14

what is referred pain

Answer 14

when pain cannot be represented in the actual area its from ie heart, it hitchhikes off nearby receptors and it will be felt somewhere else - ie pain from the heart is felt down the left arm and up the left side of the face

Question 15

what are exteroceptors

Answer 15

respond to stimuli from outside the body

Question 16

what class of receptors includes the special sense organs

Answer 16

exteroceptors

Question 17

what are interoceptors

Answer 17

respond to stimuli from inside the body

Question 18

what are exteroceptors sensitive to 4

Answer 18

touch
pressure
pain
temp

Question 19

what are interoceptors sensitive to 3

Answer 19

chemical changes
stretch
temp changes

Question 20

what two places are interoceptors found

Answer 20

internal viscera
blood vessels

Question 21

what kind of receptor is a baroreceptor

Answer 21

interoceptor

Question 22

what is a mechanoreceptor and what 5 things do they respond to

Answer 22

a receptor that responds to touch, pressure, stretch, vibration and itch

Question 23

what do thermoreceptors respond to

Answer 23

changes in temp

Question 24

what do photoreceptors respond to

Answer 24

light energy - retina

Question 25

what do chemoreceptors respond to

Answer 25

chemicals

Question 26

what are chemoreceptors important for

Answer 26

smelling and tasting

Question 27

what type of receptors are important to smell and taste

Answer 27

chemoreceptors

Question 28

what kind of receptors are sensitive to pain causing stimuli

Answer 28

nociceptors

Question 29

how many kinds of thermoreceptors are there

Answer 29

8

Question 30

what is a transient receptor potential family of proteins

Answer 30

family of proteins that changes conformation based on the temp theyre exposed to

Question 31

what do proprioceptors respond to

Answer 31

degree of stretch of an organ

Question 32

where are proprioceptors found 5

Answer 32

skeletal muscles, joints, tendons, ligaments, connective tissue coverings

Question 33

what kind of receptors gives the brain info concerning movement and body position

Answer 33

proprioceptors

Question 34

are most receptors simple or complex

Answer 34

simple

Question 35

what does it meant to have unencapsulated receptors

Answer 35

free nerve endings

Question 36

what is a complex receptor

Answer 36

they are special sense organs in contact with a free nerve ending

Question 37

how does a complex receptor differ from a simple one

Answer 37

a stimulus will depolarize a receptor cell first, and then reach the complex receptor afferent neuron going to the CNS, whereas the simple one just takes the stimulus directly to the CNS

Question 38

the more intense the stimulation, the higher the _______ of the action potentials

Answer 38

frequency

Question 39

what is it called when even though a stimulus is still present, no action potentials are produced

Answer 39

rapidly adapting

Question 40

name two examples of a rapidly adapting sensory units

Answer 40

smell putting on clothes any thing that you get used to over time

Question 41

is pain rapidly adapting or slowly adapting sensation

Answer 41

slowly

Question 42

is smell a rapidly adapting sensation or slowly adapting sensatioin

Answer 42

rapidly adapting

Question 43

do pain receptors exibit adaptation

Answer 43

no

Question 44

do proprioceptors exhibit adaptation

Answer 44

no

Question 45

what is a word for when a receptor does not exhibit adaptation

Answer 45

tonic receptors

Question 46

what is a word to describe receptors that adapt quickly

Answer 46

phasic receptors

Question 47

does sensory acuity vary based on types of receptors

Answer 47

no

Question 48

sensory acuity varies based on the _________ of the receptor

Answer 48

position/location

Question 49

is the spread of sensory receptors larger on the lip or thigh

Answer 49

thigh

Question 50

why is the lip able to detect stimuli on a finer scale than on the thigh

Answer 50

sensory receptors are a lot closer together and go over a smaller range, so if it feels touch, the neuron for that exact position will pass on the stimulus, whereas on the thigh, you could touch in multiple spots close together and still be touching the same afferent neruon

Question 51

what can cause the location of a stimulus be a little bit cloudy

Answer 51

overlapping stimulation

Question 52

what is lateral inhibition

Answer 52

when a stimulus overlaps between receptive fields, an interneuron will inhibit the AP's on the part that overlaps, and increase the AP's on the affected neuron