smell and taste Flashcards
what is the purpose of the nasal conchae
mix the air up to spread the odor molecules equally over the olfactory epithelium
what is the name of the specialized nasal epithelium
olfactory epithelium
what does the olfactory epithelium contain
olfactory receptor cells
what is another name for olfactory receptor cells
olfactory neurons
how often are new olfactory neurons replaced
every 4 to 8 weeks
from where are the olfactory neurons formed
a stem cell called a basal cell
where do odorants produce graded potentials
in the cilia
what kind of a receptor does an odorant bind to
g protein coupled olfactory receptors
what is the second messenger used in olfactory transduction
cAMP
what does cAMP do in olfactory transduction
open a cAMP gated ion channel that lets Na+ and Ca2+ into the cilium and depolarizes the receptor cell
what is activated during the olfactory G coupled protein process
An EPSP
smell is the only sensory innervation that does not pass through the ______
thalamus
what does the axons of olfactory neurons synapse with
neurons called mitral cells
what are the olfactory tracts
the axons of the mitral cells
what is another name for the olfactory tracts
olfactory nerve
what is special about the olfactory nerve
it is not a true nerve
what are the two destinations of the olfactory tract
limbic system
(olfactory cortex)
where are smells interpreted and identified
in the olfactory cortex
where is the olfactory cortex located
inferior frontal lobe
what is the purpose of the limbic system in smell
activates memories and emotions associated with the smell
does the smell impulses ever go to the thalamus
yes, but its a destination, it doesn’t pass through there like other senses
what 2 things are necessary for a chemical to be tasted
must be dissolved in saliva
must contact gustatory hairs
what innervates the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
facial nerve
what innervates the posterior third of the tongue
the glossopharyngeal nerve
what number is the facial nerve
7
what number is the glossopharyngeal nerve
9
what is papillae
the bumps on your tongue
where are taste buds located
in papillae
what is the taste pore
a small hole in a taste bud
what are the two kinds of epithelial cells in taste buds
gustatory epithelial cells
basal epithelial cells
are taste receptor cells neurons
No
does the taste system use simple or complex receptors
complex
does the smell system use simple or complex receptors
simple
what are the 5 basic taste sensations
sweet
salt
sour
bitter
umami
what is umami the japanese word for
savory
what does the salt taste sensation detect
metal ions
what does the sweet taste sensation detect
sugars, amino acids, alcohol, saccharin
what does the sour taste sensation detect
hydrogen ions
what does the bitter taste sensation detect
alkaloids
what does the umami taste sensation detect
glutamate
salty and sour taste receptors are both ______ ion channel activation
direct
what 3 taste receptors use g proteins
bitter
sweet
umami
when you taste sour, what ions come in or out of the channels
H+ and Na+ go in, K+ come out
does the tongue have somatosensory receptors
yes
how often are gustatory receptor cells replaced
every 7 days
what is the name for a gustatory equivalent of an odorant
a taistant
what is the role of supporting cells in a taste bud
insulate the receptor
what are the gustatory cells
theyre the taste cells
what is the role of basal cells in a taste bud
create more gustatory cells
what is the name of the g protein involved in sweet and bitter tastes
gustducin
where do the cranial nerves associated with taste carry impulses to
solitary nucleus of the medulla
from the medulla, where to the taste impulses travel to
the thalamus
from the thalamus, what three locations do the taste impulses travel to
gustatory cortex
hypothalamus
limbic system
taste is 80% _____-
Smell
what three receptors can influence taste
thermoreceptors
mechanoreceptors
nociceptors
