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ANP 1106 > smell and taste > Flashcards

smell and taste Flashcards

1
Q

what is the purpose of the nasal conchae

A

mix the air up to spread the odor molecules equally over the olfactory epithelium

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2
Q

what is the name of the specialized nasal epithelium

A

olfactory epithelium

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3
Q

what does the olfactory epithelium contain

A

olfactory receptor cells

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4
Q

what is another name for olfactory receptor cells

A

olfactory neurons

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5
Q

how often are new olfactory neurons replaced

A

every 4 to 8 weeks

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6
Q

from where are the olfactory neurons formed

A

a stem cell called a basal cell

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7
Q

where do odorants produce graded potentials

A

in the cilia

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8
Q

what kind of a receptor does an odorant bind to

A

g protein coupled olfactory receptors

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9
Q

what is the second messenger used in olfactory transduction

A

cAMP

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10
Q

what does cAMP do in olfactory transduction

A

open a cAMP gated ion channel that lets Na+ and Ca2+ into the cilium and depolarizes the receptor cell

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11
Q

what is activated during the olfactory G coupled protein process

A

An EPSP

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12
Q

smell is the only sensory innervation that does not pass through the ______

A

thalamus

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13
Q

what does the axons of olfactory neurons synapse with

A

neurons called mitral cells

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14
Q

what are the olfactory tracts

A

the axons of the mitral cells

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15
Q

what is another name for the olfactory tracts

A

olfactory nerve

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16
Q

what is special about the olfactory nerve

A

it is not a true nerve

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17
Q

what are the two destinations of the olfactory tract

A

limbic system
(olfactory cortex)

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18
Q

where are smells interpreted and identified

A

in the olfactory cortex

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19
Q

where is the olfactory cortex located

A

inferior frontal lobe

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20
Q

what is the purpose of the limbic system in smell

A

activates memories and emotions associated with the smell

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21
Q

does the smell impulses ever go to the thalamus

A

yes, but its a destination, it doesn’t pass through there like other senses

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22
Q

what 2 things are necessary for a chemical to be tasted

A

must be dissolved in saliva
must contact gustatory hairs

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23
Q

what innervates the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

A

facial nerve

24
Q

what innervates the posterior third of the tongue

A

the glossopharyngeal nerve

25
Q

what number is the facial nerve

A

7

26
Q

what number is the glossopharyngeal nerve

A

9

27
Q

what is papillae

A

the bumps on your tongue

28
Q

where are taste buds located

A

in papillae

29
Q

what is the taste pore

A

a small hole in a taste bud

30
Q

what are the two kinds of epithelial cells in taste buds

A

gustatory epithelial cells
basal epithelial cells

31
Q

are taste receptor cells neurons

A

No

32
Q

does the taste system use simple or complex receptors

A

complex

33
Q

does the smell system use simple or complex receptors

A

simple

34
Q

what are the 5 basic taste sensations

A

sweet
salt
sour
bitter
umami

35
Q

what is umami the japanese word for

A

savory

36
Q

what does the salt taste sensation detect

A

metal ions

37
Q

what does the sweet taste sensation detect

A

sugars, amino acids, alcohol, saccharin

38
Q

what does the sour taste sensation detect

A

hydrogen ions

39
Q

what does the bitter taste sensation detect

A

alkaloids

40
Q

what does the umami taste sensation detect

A

glutamate

41
Q

salty and sour taste receptors are both ______ ion channel activation

A

direct

42
Q

what 3 taste receptors use g proteins

A

bitter
sweet
umami

43
Q

when you taste sour, what ions come in or out of the channels

A

H+ and Na+ go in, K+ come out

44
Q

does the tongue have somatosensory receptors

A

yes

45
Q

how often are gustatory receptor cells replaced

A

every 7 days

46
Q

what is the name for a gustatory equivalent of an odorant

A

a taistant

47
Q

what is the role of supporting cells in a taste bud

A

insulate the receptor

48
Q

what are the gustatory cells

A

theyre the taste cells

49
Q

what is the role of basal cells in a taste bud

A

create more gustatory cells

50
Q

what is the name of the g protein involved in sweet and bitter tastes

A

gustducin

51
Q

where do the cranial nerves associated with taste carry impulses to

A

solitary nucleus of the medulla

52
Q

from the medulla, where to the taste impulses travel to

A

the thalamus

53
Q

from the thalamus, what three locations do the taste impulses travel to

A

gustatory cortex
hypothalamus
limbic system

54
Q

taste is 80% _____-

A

Smell

55
Q

what three receptors can influence taste

A

thermoreceptors
mechanoreceptors
nociceptors

ANP 1106 (13 decks)

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