Viscera and Blood Supply Of The Neck Flashcards
5 layers of deep cervical fascia from anterior to posterior
Investing layer, pretracheal layer muscular region, pretracheal layer visceral region, prevertebral layer, and carotid sheath
2 reasons why the fascia of the neck is important
- Organizes structures of the neck into compartments
2. Creates potential spaces for infections to spread
Muscles of facial expression are on what layer?
SMAS layer (superficial fascial layer)
Investing layer surrounds what 3 things (hint: 2 of these things are muscles)
SCM, trapezius, and 3 other regions of deep fascia
Pretracheal layer:
1. Muscular region contains what muscle
- Visceral region contains what 4 structures?
- Infrahyoid muscles
2. Trachea, esophagus, larynx and thyroid gland
Which deep fascial compartment are the following nerves in:
- Recurrent laryngeal nerve
- Vagus nerve
- Phrenic nerve
- Sympathetic chain of the neck
- Pretracheal layer - visceral region
- Carotid sheath
- Prevertebral layer
- Prevertebral space
Which is more anterior: pharynx or larynx?
Larynx (for trachea); (pharynx is for esophagus)
Larynx:
- Has what 2 cartilages?
- Has what 2 glands?
- Thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage
2. Thyroid and parathyroid glands
Thyroid gland:
- What kind of gland is it?
- What does it secrete?
- Endocrine
2. Thyroid hormones
Parathyroid glands:
- Location
- Function
- On the posterior surface of the thyroid (small glands)
2. Regulate calcium and phosphate levels
Pharynx:
- Where does the pharynx end and the esophagus begin?
- What is the pharynx lined with and why
- Structural difference between pharynx and esophagus
- Constrictor muscles all attach on to ?
- At the cricoid cartilage
- Mucosa because it is an extension of the gut tube (esophagus)
- Walls of pharynx are formed from striated muscle innervated by cranial nerves (constrictors)
- Pharyngeal raphe
All 3 pharyngeal constrictor muscles (superior, middle, and inferior) are innervated by ___; exception?
Pharyngeal plexus of CN X; exception is that inferior is ALSO innervated by recurrent laryngeal nerve
Origin or insertion (?) of the 3 pharyngeal constrictor muscles
- Superior
- Middle
- Inferior
- Pterygomandibular raphe
- Hyoid bone
- Thyroid and cricoid cartilages
Thyroid gland mainly gets its blood supply from?
Superior thyroid artery
Thyroid gland drains into which vein? By which 3 veins before it gets to this main one
Anterior jugular vein; first drains into either superior, middle, or inferior thyroid vein
Cartoid sheath is a neurovascular bundle; which artery/vein/nerve does it contain?
Common carotid artery (and its branches-internal/external), internal jugular vein, and vagus nerve (CN X)
Carotid body:
- Location
- Function
- In the common carotid artery by where the internal and external carotid artery diverge
- Baroreceptor/blood pressure receptor
- Prevertebral layer encloses?
2. What does it contain (2)
- Vertebral region
2. Cervical spine and muscles of neck support
- What are the 2 major spaces of the neck region and where are they located/where do they extend to
What are these 2 spaces separated by?
- Retropharyngeal space - posterior to the pharynx - ends in the superior mediastinum
Danger space - posterior to retropharyngeal space but anterior to the prevertebral region - can extend into posterior mediastinum and diaphragm
- Alar fascia
Why is it called the danger space
Because it can spread infection to the mediastinum
Sympathetic chain:
- Superior ganglion extends from what spinal nerves? Distributes its __ -ganglionic fibers where?
- Middle ganglion extends from what spinal nerves?
- Inferior ganglion extends from what spinal nerves? Distributes its __-ganglionic fibers where?
- C1-C4 spinal nerve gray rami; post-ganglionic fibers along carotid artery
- C5-C6
- C7-C8; post-ganglionic fibers along the vertebral artery
What is the root of the neck?
The connection point between the thorax and the neck where great vessels pass, etc.
Internal jugular vein drains into?
Brachiocephalic vein
- Internal carotid artery supplies?
2. External carotid artery supplies?
- Brain
2. Face/scalp
External carotid artery branches:
- Anterior/medial branches (4)
- Posterior branches (2)
- Terminal branches (2)
- Superior thyroid artery, ascending pharyngeal artery, lingual artery, and facial artery
- Occipital artery and posterior auricular artery
- Maxillary artery and superficial temporal artery
~some anatomists like freaking out poor medical students
4 arteries that are branches of the thyrocervical trunk
Suprascapular, transverse cervical, inferior thyroid, and ascending cervical
Costocervical trunk branches
Superior intercostal artery and deep cervical artery
- 7 groups of lymphatics of the neck
- Where do they all drain towards
- After, the right side drains into __ -> __ ->__
- Left side drains __ -> __ -> __
- Parotid, retroauricular, buccal, submental, submandibular, superficial cervical and deep cervical
- All drain down towards the deep cervical lymph nodes
- Right jugular trunk -> right subclavian trunk -> right lymphatic duct
- Left jugular trunk -> left subclavian trunk -> thoracic duct
