Viscera and Blood Supply Of The Neck

Question 1

5 layers of deep cervical fascia from anterior to posterior

Answer 1

Investing layer, pretracheal layer muscular region, pretracheal layer visceral region, prevertebral layer, and carotid sheath

Question 2

2 reasons why the fascia of the neck is important

Answer 2

1. Organizes structures of the neck into compartments

2. Creates potential spaces for infections to spread

Question 3

Muscles of facial expression are on what layer?

Answer 3

SMAS layer (superficial fascial layer)

Question 4

Investing layer surrounds what 3 things (hint: 2 of these things are muscles)

Answer 4

SCM, trapezius, and 3 other regions of deep fascia

Question 5

Pretracheal layer:
1. Muscular region contains what muscle

2. Visceral region contains what 4 structures?

Answer 5

1. Infrahyoid muscles

2. Trachea, esophagus, larynx and thyroid gland

Question 6

Which deep fascial compartment are the following nerves in:

1. Recurrent laryngeal nerve
2. Vagus nerve
3. Phrenic nerve
4. Sympathetic chain of the neck

Answer 6

1. Pretracheal layer - visceral region
2. Carotid sheath
3. Prevertebral layer
4. Prevertebral space

Question 7

Which is more anterior: pharynx or larynx?

Answer 7

Larynx (for trachea); (pharynx is for esophagus)

Question 8

Larynx:

1. Has what 2 cartilages?
2. Has what 2 glands?

Answer 8

1. Thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage

2. Thyroid and parathyroid glands

Question 9

Thyroid gland:

1. What kind of gland is it?
2. What does it secrete?

Answer 9

1. Endocrine

2. Thyroid hormones

Question 10

Parathyroid glands:

1. Location
2. Function

Answer 10

1. On the posterior surface of the thyroid (small glands)

2. Regulate calcium and phosphate levels

Question 11

Pharynx:

1. Where does the pharynx end and the esophagus begin?
2. What is the pharynx lined with and why
3. Structural difference between pharynx and esophagus
4. Constrictor muscles all attach on to ?

Answer 11

1. At the cricoid cartilage
2. Mucosa because it is an extension of the gut tube (esophagus)
3. Walls of pharynx are formed from striated muscle innervated by cranial nerves (constrictors)
4. Pharyngeal raphe

Question 12

All 3 pharyngeal constrictor muscles (superior, middle, and inferior) are innervated by ___; exception?

Answer 12

Pharyngeal plexus of CN X; exception is that inferior is ALSO innervated by recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 13

Origin or insertion (?) of the 3 pharyngeal constrictor muscles

1. Superior
2. Middle
3. Inferior

Answer 13

1. Pterygomandibular raphe
2. Hyoid bone
3. Thyroid and cricoid cartilages

Question 14

Thyroid gland mainly gets its blood supply from?

Answer 14

Superior thyroid artery

Question 15

Thyroid gland drains into which vein? By which 3 veins before it gets to this main one

Answer 15

Anterior jugular vein; first drains into either superior, middle, or inferior thyroid vein

Question 16

Cartoid sheath is a neurovascular bundle; which artery/vein/nerve does it contain?

Answer 16

Common carotid artery (and its branches-internal/external), internal jugular vein, and vagus nerve (CN X)

Question 17

Carotid body:

1. Location
2. Function

Answer 17

1. In the common carotid artery by where the internal and external carotid artery diverge
2. Baroreceptor/blood pressure receptor

Question 18

1. Prevertebral layer encloses?

2. What does it contain (2)

Answer 18

1. Vertebral region

2. Cervical spine and muscles of neck support

Question 19

1. What are the 2 major spaces of the neck region and where are they located/where do they extend to

What are these 2 spaces separated by?

Answer 19

1. Retropharyngeal space - posterior to the pharynx - ends in the superior mediastinum

Danger space - posterior to retropharyngeal space but anterior to the prevertebral region - can extend into posterior mediastinum and diaphragm

2. Alar fascia

Question 20

Why is it called the danger space

Answer 20

Because it can spread infection to the mediastinum

Question 21

Sympathetic chain:

1. Superior ganglion extends from what spinal nerves? Distributes its __ -ganglionic fibers where?
2. Middle ganglion extends from what spinal nerves?
3. Inferior ganglion extends from what spinal nerves? Distributes its __-ganglionic fibers where?

Answer 21

1. C1-C4 spinal nerve gray rami; post-ganglionic fibers along carotid artery
2. C5-C6
3. C7-C8; post-ganglionic fibers along the vertebral artery

Question 22

What is the root of the neck?

Answer 22

The connection point between the thorax and the neck where great vessels pass, etc.

Question 23

Internal jugular vein drains into?

Answer 23

Brachiocephalic vein

Question 24

1. Internal carotid artery supplies?

2. External carotid artery supplies?

Answer 24

1. Brain

2. Face/scalp

Question 25

External carotid artery branches:

1. Anterior/medial branches (4)
2. Posterior branches (2)
3. Terminal branches (2)

Answer 25

1. Superior thyroid artery, ascending pharyngeal artery, lingual artery, and facial artery
2. Occipital artery and posterior auricular artery
3. Maxillary artery and superficial temporal artery

~some anatomists like freaking out poor medical students

Question 26

4 arteries that are branches of the thyrocervical trunk

Answer 26

Suprascapular, transverse cervical, inferior thyroid, and ascending cervical

Question 27

Costocervical trunk branches

Answer 27

Superior intercostal artery and deep cervical artery

Question 28

1. 7 groups of lymphatics of the neck
2. Where do they all drain towards
3. After, the right side drains into __ -> __ ->__
4. Left side drains __ -> __ -> __

Answer 28

1. Parotid, retroauricular, buccal, submental, submandibular, superficial cervical and deep cervical
2. All drain down towards the deep cervical lymph nodes
3. Right jugular trunk -> right subclavian trunk -> right lymphatic duct
4. Left jugular trunk -> left subclavian trunk -> thoracic duct