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Gross Anatomy Block 4 > Larynx > Flashcards

Larynx Flashcards

1
Q

Larynx

  1. Located at what vertebral levels?
  2. Links what 2 parts of your body
  3. Other 2 functions?
A
  1. C3-C6
  2. Pharynx to trachea
  3. Prevents food getting into air passages and is the organ of phonation
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2
Q

Larynx is composed of 6 cartilages:

  1. What are the 3 large unpaired ones?
  2. 3 smaller paired ones?~not super important
A
  1. Thyroid, cricoid, and epiglottis

2. Arytenoid, corniculate, and cuneiform

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3
Q

Thyroid cartilage:

  1. Forms what landmark?
  2. Location of superior thyroid notch?
  3. What forms the superior and inferior horns?
  4. Location/function of the oblique
  5. Inferior horns articulate with?
A
  1. Laryngeal prominence
  2. Immediately superior to laryngeal prominence
  3. Posterior border of each lamina projecting superior and inferiorly
  4. Ridge on lateral part of each lamina; muscle attachment
  5. Cricoid cartilage
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4
Q

What 3 muscles attach to the oblique line of the thyroid cartilage

A

Sternothyroid, thyrohyoid, and inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscles

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5
Q

Cricoid cartilage:

  1. Location in relation to thyroid cartilage
  2. Anterior and posterior parts are called?
  3. On each side, there is an articular facet for what?
  4. Where on the cricoid cartilage does the base of arytenoid cartilage connect?
  5. Inferior border marks boundary between?
A
  1. Inferior to thyroid cartilage
  2. Anterior= arch; posterior= lamina
  3. Inferior horn of thyroid cartilage
  4. On the superior border of lamina
  5. Larynx and trachea
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6
Q

Epiglottis:

  1. Made of what type of cartilage
  2. Superior end is attached to __ by what ligament?
  3. Inferior end is attached to __ by what ligament?
A
  1. Elastic
  2. Hyoid bone; hyoepiglottic ligament
  3. Angle formed by 2 laminae of thyroid cartilage; thyroepiglottic ligament
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7
Q

Arytenoid cartilage:

  1. Location
  2. Direction of its base? What does it articulate with?
  3. Direction of its apex? What is it related to?
  4. What 2 processes originate from its base?
A
  1. One on each side of the superior border of cricoid lamina
  2. Directed inferiorly; articulates with lamina of cricoid
  3. Directed superiorly; related to corniculate cartilage
  4. Vocal process and muscular process
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8
Q

Vocal process of arytenoid cartilage:

  1. Directed __?
  2. Gives attachment to?
A
  1. Anteriorly

2. Vocal ligament

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9
Q

Muscular process of arytenoid cartilage:

  1. Directed __
  2. Gives attachment to?
A
  1. Laterally

2. Posterior and lateral cricoarytenoid muscles

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10
Q

Corniculate cartilage:

  1. Location
  2. Forms __ tubercle, where?
A
  1. Lies on apex of arytenoid cartilage

2. Corniculate tubercle, in lower part of aryepiglottic fold

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11
Q

Cuneiform cartilage location

A

Lower part of aryepiglottic fold, just above corniculate cartilage

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12
Q

Cricothyroid joint (one on each side):

  1. Between?
  2. Allows what motion?
A
  1. Inferior horn of thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage

2. Allows thyroid cartilage to tilt forward and backward on cricoid cartilage

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13
Q

Cricoarytenoid joint:

  1. Between?
  2. Allows what movement?
  3. How do vocal processes move during motion?
A
  1. Superior border of cricoid lamina and base of arytenoid cartilage
  2. Rotation of arytenoid around vertical axis and gliding of arytenoid
  3. Either away or towards midline during the rotation
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14
Q

Thyrohyoid membrane:

  1. Function
  2. Connects what 2 things?
  3. Pierced by?
A
  1. Suspends larynx from hyoid bone
  2. Body and greater horn of hyoid to upper border and superior horns of thyroid cartilage
  3. Internal laryngeal nerve and superior laryngeal vessels
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15
Q

Vocal ligament location

A

Extends from vocal process of arytenoid to angle between laminae of thyroid cartilage

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16
Q

Cricovocal membrane

  1. Aka
  2. Location
  3. Anteriorly, in midline, it is known as?
A
  1. Conus elasticus
  2. From vocal ligaments (superiorly) to arch of cricoid cartilage (inferiorly)
  3. Median cricothyroid ligament
17
Q

Quadrangular membrane:

  1. Location
  2. Extends from where to where?
  3. Inferior, free border is known as?
A
  1. Upper part of larynx
  2. From lateral margin of epiglottis to arytenoid cartilage
  3. Vestibular ligament
18
Q

Laryngeal inlet:

  1. Communication between?
  2. Bounded by what 3 things?
  3. 2 mucosal folds that project into laryngeal lumen? Where are they in relation to each other
A
  1. Laryngopharynx and larynx
  2. Superior border of epiglottis, aryepiglottic folds, and interarytenoid folds
  3. Vestibular fold (superior) and vocal fold (inferior)
19
Q
  1. Vestibular fold is also known as?

2. Vocal fold is also known as?

A
  1. False vocal cord

2. True vocal cord

20
Q
  1. Location of laryngeal vestibule?
  2. Space between right and left vestibular folds is called?
  3. Space between vestibular and vocal folds on same side is called?
A
  1. Extends from laryngeal inlet to vestibular folds
  2. Rima vestibuli
  3. Ventricle of larynx
21
Q

Ventricle of larynx contains what? Function?

A

Mucus glands that lubricate vocal folds

22
Q

Vocal fold:

  1. Structure
  2. Contains? Where?
A
  1. Prominent, wedge shaped mucosal fold

2. Vocal ligament close to its free margin

23
Q

Rima glottidis

  1. Location
  2. Changes shape when?
A
  1. Between right and left vocal folds

2. When vocal folds/arytenoid cartilages move

24
Q

Glottis:

  1. Main feature
  2. Consists of ? Whats between them
A
  1. Most directly concerned with the production of sounds

2. Consists of 2 vocal folds and space between them (rima glottidis)

25
Q
  1. Lower part of laryngeal cavity is called?

2. Extends from

A
  1. Infraglottic part of larynx

2. From vocal folds (superiorly) to inferior border of cricoid cartilage

26
Q

Cricothyroid:

  1. Origin
  2. Insertion
  3. Action
  4. Contraction of this muscle increases the distance between what 2 things?
A
  1. Arch of cricoid cartilage
  2. Lamina and inferior horn of thyroid cartilage
  3. Tilts thyroid cartilage forward and tenses vocal folds
  4. Thyroid and arytenoid cartilages
27
Q

Posterior cricoarytenoid:

  1. Origin
  2. Insertion
  3. Action
A
  1. Posterior surface of cricoid lamina
  2. Muscular process of arytenoid
  3. Abductor of vocal fold
28
Q

Transverse arytenoid (unpaired muscle):

  1. Insertion
  2. Action
  3. Pulls arytenoid cartilage __
A
  1. To posterior sides of both arytenoid cartilages
  2. Adductor of vocal folds
  3. Medially
29
Q

Lateral cricoarytenoid:

  1. Origin
  2. Insertion
  3. Action
A
  1. Upper margin of arch of cricoid
  2. Muscular process of arytenoid
  3. Adductor of vocal fold
30
Q

Thyroarytenoid:

  1. Origin
  2. Insertion
  3. Draws arytenoid cartilage __
  4. __ tension vocal fold
A
  1. Inner aspect of thyroid lamina (close to anterior midline)
  2. Anterolateral surface of arytenoid
  3. Forward
  4. Decreases (relaxes)
31
Q

Vocalis:

  1. Formed by fibers of what muscle
  2. Closely related to __; function?
  3. Responsible for?
A
  1. Medial fibers of thyroarytenoid
  2. Vocal ligament; tenses and relaxes different parts of it
  3. Control of pitch
32
Q
  1. Motor innervation of cricothyroid?

2. All other muscles are motor innervated by?

A
  1. External laryngeal nerve (branch of superior laryngeal nerve)
  2. Recurrent laryngeal nerve
33
Q
  1. Sensory innervation of laryngeal mucosa from inlet to vocal folds?
  2. Sensory innervation of laryngeal mucosa below vocal folds?
A
  1. Internal laryngeal nerve (branch of superior laryngeal nerve)
  2. Recurrent laryngeal nerve
34
Q
  1. What 2 arteries supply the larynx
  2. Those arteries are branches of
  3. What nerves do they accompany
A
  1. Superior laryngeal and inferior laryngeal arteries
  2. Superior thyroid and inferior thyroid arteries
  3. Internal laryngeal nerve and recurrent laryngeal nerve respectively
35
Q

Superior and inferior laryngeal veins join which veins?

These veins drain into?

A

Superior thyroid vein which drains into internal jugular vein

Inferior thyroid vein which drains into brachiocephalic vein

36
Q
  1. Lymph drainage above vocal folds:

2. Lymph drainage below vocal folds: (2 options)

A
  1. Lymph vessels accompany superior laryngeal artery and terminate in deep cervical nodes
  2. Some lymph vessels pass thru conus elasticus to get to prelaryngeal/pretracheal and paratracheal nodes; some accompany inferior laryngeal artery to deep cervical nodes
37
Q
  1. People with tumors above or below their vocal folds will usually have what symptoms?
  2. Diseases of the larynx usually have what 2 symptoms?
A
  1. Alteration in their voice (usually a late sign)

2. Hoarseness in their throat and respiratory problems (airway could be restricted)

38
Q

Why does disease take longer to spread in the larynx?

A

Not a lot of lymph nodes in the larynx so it takes longer to spread to regional lymph nodes

Gross Anatomy Block 4 (14 decks)

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