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Gross Anatomy Block 4 > External And Middle Ear > Flashcards

External And Middle Ear Flashcards

1
Q

Describe each part of auricle of external ear:

  1. Helix: initial part is called?
  2. Antihelix: location in relation to helix; divides into
  3. Concha: location in relation to antihelix; feature?
  4. Tragus
  5. Antitragus
  6. Lobule
A
  1. Rim of auricle; crus of helix (above opening)
  2. Anterior to helix; 2 crura with triangular fossa in between
  3. Anterior to antihelix; its most depressed part of auricle
  4. Overhands opening
  5. Small tubercle posterior to tragus
  6. Non-cartilage part; made of LCT and fat
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2
Q

Tragus and antitragus are separated by?

A

Intertragic notch

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3
Q

4 nerves of the auricle?

A

Greater auricular nerve, lesser occipital nerve, auricular branch of vagus nerve and auriculotemporal nerve

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4
Q

External acoustic meatus:

  1. Function
  2. How do straighten it for exam
  3. Lateral 1/3 is composed of
  4. Medial 2/3?
A
  1. Conducts sound waves from auricle to tympanic membrane
  2. Pull auricle up, back, and out
  3. Cartilage
  4. Bony walls formed by temporal bone
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5
Q

2 nerves that supply the external acoustic meatus

Auricular branch of vagus also contains some sensory fibers from what 2 nerves?

A

Auriculotemporal nerve (V3 branch) and auricular branch of vagus

VII and IX

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6
Q

Tympanic membrane:

  1. What is the umbo?
  2. What ossicle can you see during otoscopic exam?
  3. Fibrous layer between skin and mucus membrane is deficient where?
  4. Remainder of tympanic membrane is known as
  5. Cone of light seen during exam is from what?
A
  1. Most indrawn part on inner side of membrane
  2. Handle and lateral process of malleus
  3. Anteriorly (flaccid part)
  4. Tense part (pars tensa)
  5. Light radiating anteriorly and inferiorly from umbo
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7
Q

Nerve supply of outer surface of tympanic membrane?

Nerve supply of inner surface?

A

Same as external acoustic meatus

Glossopharyngeal

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8
Q

Middle ear:

  1. 2 parts? Location of each part
  2. Superior wall (roof)
  3. Inferior wall (floor)
  4. Medial wall
  5. Lateral wall
A
  1. Tympanic cavity=medial to tympanic membrane; epitympanic recess= superior to tympanic membrane
  2. Tegmen tympani
  3. Bony plate that separates tympanic cavity from IJV
  4. Separates middle ear from internal ear
  5. Formed mostly by tympanic membrane (formed by bone in epitympanic recess)
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9
Q

Middle ear: anterior wall

  1. Inferior part consists of ?
  2. Superior part has what 2 openings?
  3. What other opening is in the anterior wall?
A
  1. Bony plate that separates tympanic cavity from ICA
  2. Inferior opening leads to auditory tube; superior opening leads into canal for tensor tympani muscle
  3. Where chorda tympani exits middle ear
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10
Q

Middle ear: posterior wall:

  1. Upper part has an opening that communicates what 2 things? Where is it
  2. Mastoid antrum communicates posteriorly and inferiorly with?
  3. Function of pyramidal eminence? Where is it?
  4. What opening does the posterior wall have
A
  1. Middle ear with mastoid antrum; aditus to mastoid antrum
  2. Mastoid air cells
  3. Houses stapedius muscle; below aditus
  4. Opening where chorda tympani enters middle ear
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11
Q

Middle ear: medial wall-

  1. What is the promontory? What is it grooved by?
  2. Location of oval window and what it is closed by
  3. Location of round window and what it is closed by
  4. Location of prominence of facial canal
  5. Location of prominence of lateral semicircular canal
A
  1. Rounded elevation made by underlying 1st turn of cochlea; grooved by tympanic plexus (formed by tympanic branch of IX)
  2. In medial wall, superior to promontory; closed by base of stapes
  3. In medial wall, posterior and inferior to promontory; closed by secondary tympanic membrane
  4. Superior and posterior to oval window
  5. Superior and posterior to prominence of facial canal
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12
Q

Ossicles: Malleus

  1. Head articulates with
  2. Manubrium (handle) attached to? Receives insertion of?
  3. Has 2 small processes in which directions
A
  1. Body of incus
  2. (Extends inferiorly) attached to inner aspect of tympanic membrane; tensor tympani muscle
  3. Anterior and lateral
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13
Q

Ossicle: Incus

  1. Body articulates with
  2. Short limb projects in what direction
  3. Long limb? Its lower end is called what and articulates with?
A
  1. Head of malleus
  2. Posteriorly from body
  3. Descends posterior and parallel to handle of malleus; lenticular process articulates with head of stapes
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14
Q

Ossicles: Stapes

  1. Head articulates with
  2. Neck receives insertion of
  3. Has what anteriorly and posteriorly?
  4. Base attaches to?
A
  1. Lenticular process of incus
  2. Stapedius muscle
  3. 2 limbs or crura
  4. Oval window by ligamentous fibers (annular ligament of stapes)
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15
Q

Tensor tympani muscle:

  1. Location
  2. Origin (3)
  3. Insertion
  4. Innervation
  5. Action
A
  1. Has its own canal in petrous part of temporal bone
  2. Cartilage of auditory tube, greater wing, and walls of its bony canal
  3. Handle of malleus
  4. Mandibular nerve
  5. Draws malleus and tympanic membrane medially; increases tension and dampens vibrations of tympanic membrane
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16
Q

Stapedius:

  1. Location
  2. Origin
  3. Insertion
  4. Innervation
  5. Action
A
  1. Pyramidal eminence of posterior wall of tympanic cavity
  2. Walls of pyramidal eminence
  3. Neck of stapes
  4. Facial nerve
  5. Tilts stapes and dampens its vibrations
17
Q

What does Bells palsy have to do with stapedius muscle

A

People with bells palsy will complain of normal sounds sounding loud because they will lose innervation to stapedius since bells palsy is paralysis of facial nerve

18
Q

Eustachian tube:

  1. Communicates what 2 things?
  2. Function
  3. Where does it begin
  4. Where does it run?
  5. Where does it end
A
  1. Nasopharynx and tympanic cavity
  2. Equalizes pressure on both sides of tympanic membrane
  3. Anterior wall of tympanic cavity
  4. Passes thru gap between superior pharyngeal constrictor and base of skull
  5. In lateral wall of nasopharynx
19
Q

Eustachian tube:

  1. Posterior 1/3 is close to? Composed of?
  2. Anterior 2/3 is close to? Composed of?
  3. What helps to open the lumen of the auditory tube?
A
  1. Tympanic cavity; bony walls
  2. Pharynx; cartilaginous walls
  3. Contraction of tensor veli palatini (swallowing/yawning)
20
Q

Nerve supply of middle ear, auditory tube, and mastoid air cells?

This nerve is formed by ?

A

Tympanic plexus: formed by tympanic branch of IX and caroticotympanic nerves

21
Q

Caroticotympanic nerves are branches of?

A

Branches of sympathetic plexus that surround ICA

Gross Anatomy Block 4 (14 decks)

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