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Gross Anatomy Block 4 > Temporal And Infratemporal Fossae > Flashcards

Temporal And Infratemporal Fossae Flashcards

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1
Q

Boundaries of the temporal fossa:

  1. Anterior
  2. Superior and posterior
  3. Inferior
A
  1. Zygomatic process of frontal bone and zygomatic bone
  2. Temporal lines
  3. Zygomatic arch
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2
Q

Infratemporal fossa boundaries:

  1. Superficial (lateral)
  2. Deep (medial)
  3. Superior
  4. Anterior
A
  1. Ramus of mandible
  2. Lateral pterygoid plate
  3. Infratemporal surface of greater wing of sphenoid
  4. Tuberosity of maxilla
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3
Q

How does the infratemporal fossa communicate with the following:

  1. Temporal fossa
  2. Cranial cavity
  3. Orbit
  4. Pterygopalatine fossa
A
  1. Through a gap deep to zygomatic arch
  2. Through foramen ovale, foramen spinosum, and foramen lacerum
  3. Through inferior orbital fissure
  4. Through pterygomaxillary fissure
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4
Q

Lateral pterygoid

  1. Origin
  2. Insertion
  3. Innervation
  4. Action
A
  1. 2 bellies- greater wing of sphenoid and lateral pterygoid plate
  2. Articular disc of TMJ, neck of condylar process of mandible
  3. CN V3
  4. Protrude mandible (bilateral) and side-side motion of mandible (unilateral)
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5
Q

Medial pterygoid

  1. Origin
  2. Insertion
  3. Innervation
  4. Action
A
  1. Medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate
  2. Inside surface of angle of mandible
  3. CN V3
  4. Elevate/protrude mandible (bilateral); side to side motion of mandible (unilateral)
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6
Q

Contents of the infratemporal fossa

  1. 2 muscles
  2. 2 nerves
  3. 1 ganglion
  4. 1 artery
  5. 1 vein
  6. 1 other
A
  1. Lateral and medial pterygoid muscles
  2. Mandibular nerve (and branches) and maxillary nerve (and 2 of its branches)
  3. Otic ganglion
  4. Maxillary artery
  5. Pterygoid plexus of veins
  6. Chorda tympani
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7
Q

TMJ

  1. What does it articulate with superiorly and inferiorly
  2. What type of joint
  3. What divides the joint into upper and lower cavities?
A
  1. Superior-articular tubercle and anterior portion of mandibular fossa of temporal bone
    Inferior- the head (condyloid process) of the mandible
  2. Synovial
  3. Articular disc
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8
Q

Capsule surrounds the TMJ, what are the superior and inferior attachments of the capsule

A

Superior- articular tubercle and the margins of the mandibular fossa
Inferior- neck of the mandible

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9
Q

Relations of the TMJ

  1. Anteriorly
  2. Posteriorly
  3. Laterally
  4. Medially
A
  1. Mandibular notch and masseteric nerve and artery
  2. Tympanic plate of the external auditory meatus and the glenoid process of the parotid gland
  3. The parotid gland (also fascia and skin)
  4. Maxillary artery/vein and auriculotemporal nerve
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10
Q

Ligaments of the TMJ: lateral temporomandibular ligmament:

  1. Strengthens what part of the capsule
  2. How do its fibers run (also from where to where)
  3. Function of this ligament; to protect what?
A
  1. Lateral aspect of capsule
  2. Downward and backward; from the tubercle on the root of the zygoma to the lateral surface of the neck of the mandible
  3. Limits movement in a posterior direction; protecting the external auditory meatus
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11
Q

Ligaments of the TMJ: sphenomandibular ligament

  1. Lies on what side of the joint
  2. Attached to what two things?
A
  1. Medial

2. Spine of the sphenoid bone (above) and lingula of the mandibular foramen (below)

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12
Q

Ligaments of the TMJ: stylomandibular ligament

  1. Location
  2. Its a band of what type of fascia
  3. Extends from where to where
A
  1. Medial to TMJ
  2. Deep cervical
  3. Apex of the styloid process to the angle of the mandible
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13
Q

Articular disc:

  1. Location
  2. What is it attached to anteriorly
  3. What is the disc attached by, why?
A
  1. On top; circumferentially to the capsule
  2. To the tendon of the lateral pterygoid muscle
  3. By fibrous bands to the head of the mandible; makes sure the disc moves forward and backward with the head of the mandible during protraction and retraction
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14
Q

Location of the synovial membrane of the TMJ

A

Lines the capsule in the upper and lower cavities of the joint

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15
Q

Nerve supply to TMJ

A

Auriculotemporal and massesteric branches of the mandibular nerve (V3)

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16
Q

Movements of the TMJ

A

Elevation, depression, protraction, retraction, and rotation (when chewing)

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17
Q
  1. 3 muscles that depress the mandible

2. 1 muscle that pulls the mandible forward

A
  1. Diagastrics, geniohyoids, and mylohyoids

2. Lateral pterygoids

18
Q

What muscles perform the following movement of the mandible:

  1. Elevation (3)
  2. Protrusion
  3. Retraction
A
  1. Temporalis, masseter, and medial pterygoids
  2. Lateral pterygoids (assisted by medial pterygoids)
  3. Contraction of posterior fibers of the temporalis
19
Q

How are lateral chewing movements of the mandible performed?

What muscle can do this?

This muscle also moves this way when performing what other motion?

A

By alternately protruding and retracting the (head of) mandible on each side

Posterior fibers of the temporalis pull the head of mandible backward

Also done in elevation of the mandible

20
Q

TMJ dislocation:

  1. What 3 activities can cause it?
  2. What is happening when it gets dislocated
  3. Symptom
  4. What 2 nerves can be damaged
  5. Most common type of TMJ dislocation
A
  1. Blow to the side of the face, yawning or taking a large bite
  2. Head of mandible slips out of mandibular fossa
  3. Patient will be unable to close their mouth
  4. Facial and auriculotemporal nerves
  5. Anterior (posterior are possible but rare)
21
Q
  1. 4 muscles of mastication
  2. Derived from?
  3. Insert into?
  4. Innervation?
  5. Act on what joint?
A
  1. Temporalis, massester, lateral and medial pterygoid
  2. Mesoderm of 1st branchial arch
  3. Ramus of mandible
  4. Deep branches of mandibular nerve
  5. TMJ
22
Q

Temporalis:

  1. Origin
  2. Insertion
  3. Innervation
  4. Action
A
  1. Floor of temporal fossa/deep surface of temporal fascia
  2. Coronoid process
  3. 2 deep temporal nerves (from anterior division of V3)
  4. Elevation of mandible; posterior fibers retract mandible
23
Q

Massester:

  1. Origin
  2. Insertion
  3. Innervation
  4. Action
  5. Action when both sides work together?
  6. Action when both sides act alternatively?
A
  1. Lower border and inner surface of zygomatic arch
  2. Lateral surface of ramus of mandible
  3. Anterior division of V3
  4. Elevation of mandible
  5. Protrusion of mandible
  6. Side to side movement
24
Q

Lateral pterygoid

  1. Origin (of upper and lower head)
  2. Insertion
  3. Innervation
  4. Action
A
  1. Upper- infratemproal surface of greater wing of sphenoid
    Lower- lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate
  2. Pterygoid fovea and capsule/articular disc of TMJ
  3. Anterior division of V3
  4. Same as masseter
25
Q

Medial pterygoid:

  1. Origin (of superficial and deep head)
  2. Insertion
  3. Innervation
  4. Action
A
  1. Superficial-tuberosity of maxilla
    Deep- medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate
  2. Medial surface of ramus and angle of mandible
  3. Trunk of mandibular nerve
  4. Same as lateral pterygoid/masseter
26
Q
  1. So all muscles of mastication elevate the mandible except?
  2. All protrude the mandible except?
  3. All are innervated by anterior division of V3 except?
A
  1. Lateral pterygoid
  2. Temporalis
  3. Medial pterygoid
27
Q

Mandibular nerve (V3) has what types of fibers?

A

Motor and sensory

28
Q
  1. Origin of the motor root of V3
  2. Origin of the sensory root of V3
  3. Both roots emerge from?
  4. Where do roots unite?
  5. They divide again into?
A
  1. Axons of cells of motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve in pons
  2. Peripheral processes of cells of trigeminal ganglion in the middle cranial fossa
  3. Both roots emerge separately through foreamen ovale to infratemporal fossa
  4. Below foramen ovale
  5. Small anterior and large posterior division
29
Q

Relations of the mandibular nerve (V3)

  1. Superficial
  2. Deep
  3. Posterior
A
  1. Lateral pterygoid
  2. Otic ganglion
  3. Middle meningeal artery
30
Q
  1. The trunk of V3 has one motor and one sensory branch what are they?
  2. What are the 4 branches from the anterior division of V3? Which are sensory vs motor?
  3. What are the 4 branches from the posterior division of V3? Which are sensory vs motor
A
  1. Motor= nerve to medial pterygoid; sensory= meningeal branch (nervus spinosus)
  2. Buccal nerve (sensory); masseteric nerve, deep temporal nerves, nerve to lateral pterygoid (motor)
  3. Mylohyoid nerve (motor); auriculotemporal nerve, lingual nerve, inferior alveolar nerve (sensory)
31
Q

Nerve to medial pterygoid:
~1. Branch from?
2. Supplies?
3. Gives off 2 branches that pass through where? To supply what other 2 muscles?

A
  1. Trunk of V3
  2. Medial pterygoid
  3. Otic ganglion (without relay) to supply tensor palati and tensor tympani muscles
32
Q

Masseteric nerve:

  1. Motor or sensory branch of ?
  2. Course
  3. Final destination?
A
  1. Motor branch of anterior division of V3
  2. Emerges thru upper border of lateral pterygoid and turns along mandibular notch
  3. Reaches masseter
33
Q

Deep temporal nerve:

  1. __ branch of?
  2. Emerges thru?
A
  1. Motor branch of posterior division

2. Upper border of lateral pterygoid

34
Q

Meningeal branch (nervus spinosus)

  1. __ branch of?
  2. Passes through which foramen?
  3. Supplies?
A
  1. Sensory branch of the trunk of V3
  2. Foramen spinosum
  3. Meninges of middle cranial fossa
35
Q

Buccal nerve:

  1. __ branch of ?
  2. Emerges between?
  3. Supplies?
A
  1. Only sensory branch of the anterior division
  2. 2 heads of lateral pterygoid
  3. Supplies skin and mucus membrane overlying buccinator
36
Q

Auriculotemporal nerve:

  1. __ branch of ?
  2. Arises ?
  3. Runs backward, deep to ?
  4. Gives branches to what 4 things?
  5. Carries what type of fibers? From where to where?
A
  1. Sensory branch of posterior division
  2. From 2 roots encircling middle meningeal artery
  3. Neck of mandible
  4. Skin of auricle, temple, TMJ, and parotid gland
  5. Carries POST-ganglionic PARAsympathetic fibers from otic ganglion to parotid gland
37
Q

Lingual nerve:

  1. __ branch of?
  2. Emerges from?
  3. Joins ?
  4. Runs below 3rd molar tooth, why is this dangerous?
  5. Connected by 2 roots to what ganglion?
  6. Carries general sensations from where?
A
  1. Sensory branch of posterior division
  2. Lower border of lateral pterygoid. Then superficial to medial pterygoid
  3. Chorda tympani
  4. Only covered by mucus membrane
  5. Submandibular ganglion
  6. From anterior 2/3 of tongue
38
Q

Inferior alveolar nerve:

  1. __ branch from ?
  2. Emerge behind?
  3. Passes through what foramen/canal to supply what?
  4. Emerges through what foramen as __ nerve to supply?
A
  1. Sensory branch from posterior division
  2. Lingual nerve
  3. Mandibular foramen and canal to supply lower teeth
  4. Then emerges thru mental foramen as mental nerve to supply skin of lower lip/chin
39
Q

Mylohyoid nerve:

  1. __ branch of?
  2. Is a branch of what nerve? Location of branching
  3. Passes in?
  4. Supplies?
A
  1. Only motor branch of posterior division
  2. Inferior alveolar nerve just above mandibular foramen
  3. Mylohyoid groove of mandible
  4. Mylohyoid and anterior belly of digastrics
40
Q

~Relations of lateral pterygoid:

  1. Superficial
  2. Deep
  3. Emerging thru its upper border
  4. Emerging thru its lower border
  5. Emerging between its 2 heads
A
  1. Temporalis, masseter, ramus of mandible, maxillary artery, buccal nerve
  2. Medial pterygoid, mandibular nerve, middle meningeal artery, otic ganglion
  3. Deep temporal and massesteric nerves
  4. Lingual and inferior alveolar nerves and maxillary artery
  5. Buccal nerve, maxillary artery

Gross Anatomy Block 4 (14 decks)

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