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Gross Anatomy Block 4 > Triangles Of The Neck > Flashcards

Triangles Of The Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Mandible has what two lines?

A

Digastric and mylohyoid lines

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2
Q

Name the 2 deep muscles the neck

A

Scalenes and prevertebral muscles

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3
Q

Scalenes are homologous to which muscles located in a different part of the body

A

Hypaxial body wall musculature

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4
Q

2 intermediate muscles of the neck

A

Suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles

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5
Q
  1. Suprahyoid muscles extend between

2. Infrahyoid muscles extend between

A
  1. Hyoid and skull

2. Hyoid and cartilages of trunk

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6
Q

3 superficial muscles of the neck

A

Trapezius, SCM and platysma

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7
Q

Trapezius and SCM have 2 innervations; what are they

A

Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)(main) and cervical rami

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8
Q

All the triangles of the neck are based on relation to ?

A

SCM

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9
Q

Boundaries of the anterior triangle

Anterior triangle has 2 subsections of triangles. What are these triangles called

A

SCM, anterior midline of neck, and mandible

Submental triangle and digastric triangle

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10
Q

Boundaries of the submental triangle

A

Hyoid, digastric, and mylohyoid

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11
Q

Boundaries of digastric triangle

A

Mandible, digastric, and mylohyoid

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12
Q

Boundaries of the posterior triangle (this is not a subsection; this is its own triangle)

A

Anterior trapezius, posterior SCM, and clavicle

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13
Q

SCM

  1. Origin
  2. Insertion
  3. Innervation
  4. Action
A
  1. Manubrium (sternal head); medial clavicle (clavicular head)
  2. Mastoid process and superior nuchal line
  3. CN XI
  4. Rotates head, laterally flexes neck, anteriorly flexes cervical vertebrae, and extends atlanto-occipital joint
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14
Q

What are the 4 suprahyoid muscles?

A

Geniohyoid, mylohyoid, digastric and stylohyoid

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15
Q

Geniohyoid

  1. Origin
  2. Insertion
  3. Innervation
  4. Action
A
  1. Internal mandibular symphysis
  2. Body of hyoid
  3. C1 via hypoglossal nerve
  4. Elevates hyoid
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16
Q

Mylohyoid

  1. Origin
  2. Insertion
  3. Innervation
  4. Action
A
  1. Mylohyoid on the interior of the mandible
  2. Body of hyoid
  3. CN V3
  4. Elevates hyoid, raises floor of mouth
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17
Q

Digastric

  1. Origin
  2. Insertion
  3. Innervation
  4. Action
A
  1. Digastric notch medial to mastoid (posterior), internal mandibular symphysis (anterior)
  2. Digastric tendon
  3. CN V3 (anterior), CN VII (posterior)
  4. Assists in opening the mouth, elevates hyoid
18
Q

Stylohyoid

  1. Origin
  2. Insertion
  3. Innervation
  4. Action
A
  1. Styloid process of temporal bone
  2. Body of hyoid
  3. CN VII
  4. Elevates hyoid bone; assists in opening mandible
19
Q

Name the 4 infrahyoid (strap) muscles

A

Sternohyoid, omohyoid, sternothyroid, and thyrohyoid

20
Q

Sternohyoid

  1. Origin
  2. Insertion
  3. Innervation
  4. Action
A
  1. Manubrium
  2. Body of hyoid
  3. Ansa cervicalis C1-C3
  4. Depresses hyoid and larynx
21
Q

Omohyoid

  1. Origin
  2. Insertion
  3. Innervation
  4. Action
A
  1. Upper border of scapula
  2. Body of hyoid
  3. Ansa cervicalis C1-C3
  4. Depresses hyoid and larynx
22
Q

Sternothyroid

  1. Origin
  2. Insertion
  3. Innervation
  4. Action
A
  1. Manubrium
  2. Oblique line on lamina of thyroid cartilage
  3. Ansa cervicalis C1-C3
  4. Depresses thyroid cartilage and larynx
23
Q

Thyrohyoid

  1. Origin
  2. Insertion
  3. Innervation
  4. Action
A
  1. Oblique line on lamina of thyroid cartilage
  2. Greater horn of hyoid
  3. C1 hypoglossal nerve
  4. Depresses hyoid; elevates thyroid
24
Q

Posterior triangle contains structures that are going where?

A

To upper limb

25
Q
  1. What forms the interscalene triangle?
  2. What passes through this triangle?
  3. What is at the bottom of this triangle?
  4. What does the anterior scalene form at its origin?
A
  1. Anterior scalene and middle scalene
  2. Cervical ventral rami and subclavian artery and T1 ventral ramus inferiorly
  3. Subclavian vein (passes anterior to anterior scalene across 1st rib)
  4. Scalene tubercle (on 1st rib)
26
Q

What muscles of the neck are considered non triangle muscles?

A

Prevertebral muscles

27
Q

Anterior scalene

  1. Origin
  2. Insertion
  3. Innervation
  4. Action
A
  1. 1st rib
  2. Anterior tubercles of C3-C6
  3. C4-C7
  4. Lateral flexion of neck and elevation of ribcage
28
Q

Middle scalene

  1. Origin
  2. Insertion
  3. Innervation
  4. Action
A
  1. 1st rib
  2. Posterior tubercles of C2-C7
  3. C3-C7
  4. Lateral flexion of neck and elevation of ribcage
29
Q

Posterior scalene

  1. Origin
  2. Insertion
  3. Innervation
  4. Action
A
  1. 2nd rib
  2. Posterior tubercles of C4-C6
  3. C5-C7
  4. Lateral flexion of neck and elevation of the ribcage
30
Q

Prevertebral muscles - Longus Capitis

  1. Origin
  2. Insertion
  3. Innervation
  4. Action
A
  1. Cervical vertebrae
  2. Occipital bone
  3. C1-C4
  4. Anterior flexion of neck
31
Q

Prevertebral muscles- longus colii

  1. Origin
  2. Insertion
  3. Innervation
  4. Action
A
  1. Thoracic and cervical vertebrae
  2. Cervical vertebrae
  3. C2-C8
  4. Anterior flexion of neck
32
Q

2 sources of innervation:

  1. Hypaxial strap muscles get their innervation from?
  2. Branchial muscles get their innervation from?
A
  1. Ventral rami of C1-C4 spinal nerves (cervical plexus and superficial innervation)
  2. CN VII, X, XI, and XII
33
Q
  1. What is the main part of the cervical plexus?
  2. What is it formed by?
  3. What does it supply
A
  1. Ansa cervicalis
  2. Two looping nerve connections between descendens hypoglossi and descendens cervicalis
  3. Infrahyoid muscles
34
Q

Descenden hypoglossi

  1. How does it run
  2. Where does it come from
A
  1. Along hypoglossal nerve superiorly

2. C1

35
Q

Descendens cervicalis

  1. Where does it come from
  2. How does it run
A
  1. C2-C3

2. Posterior to internal jugular

36
Q

What two muscles are supplied by C1?

C1 branches follow the path of the

A

Geniohyoid and thyrohyoid muscles

Hypoglossal nerve

37
Q

C1-C4 give off short branches to what 2 muscles?

A

Adjacent prevertebral and scalene muscles

38
Q

C4-C5 contribute to?

A

Brachial plexus

39
Q

What provides superficial innervation in the neck

What are these 3 nerves

Where do you look for these 3 nerves?

A

Branches that emerge from loop connecting C2-C3

Lesser occipital nerve, greater auricular nerve, and transverse cervical nerve

Posterior to SCM

40
Q

One more superficial nerve emerges from ___; what is this nerve called?

A

Supraclavicular nerve; emerges from loop connecting C3-C4

Gross Anatomy Block 4 (14 decks)

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