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Gross Anatomy Block 4 > Intracranial Vasculature And Meninges > Flashcards

Intracranial Vasculature And Meninges Flashcards

1
Q

Losing what % of blood volume will lead to loss of neuron function?

A

10-25%

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2
Q

2 sources of blood supply to the brain?

A

Internal carotid artery and vertebral artery

These are both paired - so on both sides of brain

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3
Q

What is the cerebral arterial circle?

A

Circle of willis- anastomosis formed by vertebral and internal carotid arteries

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4
Q

Vertebral arteries give off which artery? What does it supply?

A

Posterior inferior cerebellar artery supplies inferior part of cerebellum

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5
Q

2 vertebral arteries join together to form?

What 3 arteries does this give off and what do they supply

A

Basilar artery - gives off anterior inferior cerebellar artery which supplies top of inferior cerebellum
Also gives off superior cerebellar artery which supplies top part of cerebellum
Also gives off posterior cerebral artery which supplies posterior cerebrum

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6
Q

What arteries form the “circle”

A

Posterior communicating arteries connect posterior cerebral artery to internal carotid artery

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7
Q

What arteries come off the the internal carotid artery laterally?

A

Middle cerebral arteries

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8
Q

The “horns” of the circle are what arteries?

What artery is in between these 2 “horns”

A

Anterior cerebral arteries

Anterior communicating artery

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9
Q

What are pontine arteries?

A

Little arterial branches coming off the pons

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10
Q

What 4 structures do the anterior cerebral supply?

A

Olfactory bulb, frontal/parietal lobes (medial), corpus callosum, and basal ganglia

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11
Q

What 3 structures does the middle cerebral artery supply?

A

Temporal pole, lateral surface of cerebral hemispheres, and basal ganglia

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12
Q

What 4 structures that the posterior cerebral artery supplies

A

Occipital lobe, inferior surface of temporal bone, thalamus, and third ventricle

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13
Q

5 arteries that provide blood supply to the cerebellum?

A

Superior cerebellar artery, anterior inferior cerebellar artery, posterior inferior cerebellar artery, basilar artery and vertebral artery

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14
Q

Subclavian steal syndrome:

  1. Result of ?
  2. What 2 things will happen because of it?
  3. Symptoms?
A
  1. Occlusion/stenosis of subclavian artery
  2. Retrograde blood flow in vertebral artery and upper limb receives blood at the expense of vertebrobasilar circulation
  3. Ischemia/fainting, different blood pressures in both limbs
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15
Q

Function of meningeal spaces?

A

Has spaces for circulation of CSF

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16
Q

Dura:

  1. What are its 2 layers
  2. What do the dural reflections form?
A
  1. Periosteal (outer) and membranous (inner)

2. Venous sinuses

17
Q

How is the arachnoid held against dura?

A

By CSF pressure

18
Q

Difference between sucli and gyri

A

Sulci are the hollows

Gyri are the hills

19
Q

Meninges get their blood supply from 3 arteries branches

  1. What is the main artery/branches that supply meninges?
  2. What are the other 2 arteries and their branches that supply meninges?
A
  1. External carotid: middle and posterior meningeal arteries

2. Internal carotid: anterior meningeal arteries; vertebral artery: meningeal branches

20
Q

Sensory innervation of dura?

A

CN V and cervical nerves

21
Q

Define dural reflections

A

Inner/outer layers that separate and partition the intracranial space

22
Q
  1. Cerebral falx is ?
  2. Location?
  3. Anchored anteriorly to what 2 things?
  4. Anchored posteriorly to what?
A
  1. One of the dural reflections
  2. In longitudinal fissure; between cerebral hemispheres
  3. Frontal crest and crista galli
  4. Internal occipital protuberance
23
Q

Cerebellar tentorium:

  1. Location
  2. Forms roof of?
  3. Attached to?
  4. What is the tentorial notch
A
  1. Runs horizontally; between cerebrum and cerebellum
  2. Forms roof of posterior cranial fossa
  3. Attached to petrous ridge of temporal bone
  4. Gap for brainstem to pass from posterior to middle cranial fossa
24
Q

Cerebellar falx:

  1. Location
  2. Partially separates?
A
  1. Runs vertically through posterior cranial fossa

2. Cerebellar hemispheres

25
Q

Sellar diaphragm:

  1. Location
  2. Roof of?
  3. Has small opening for what to pass through?
  4. Function?
A
  1. Suspended between clinoid processes
  2. Roof of sella turcica
  3. Infundibulum (pituitary stalk)
  4. Holds the pituitary in the sella turcica
26
Q

What is houses within those dural reflections?

A

Major structures of venous drainage system

27
Q

Venous return from the brain flows in two directions: towards __ and towards __

A

Towards dural sinuses and towards the great cerebral vein (of Galen)

28
Q

5 major sinuses? (Veins)

A

Superior sagittal, inferior sagittal, straight sinus, transverse sinus, and sigmoid sinus

29
Q
  1. Epidural hematoma are slow or fast occuring? Arterial or venous blood?
  2. Subdural hematoma are slow of fast occuring? Arterial or venous blood?
A
  1. Fast; arterial

2. Slow; venous (slow because blood is at a lower pressure)

30
Q

CSF:

  1. Produced by __ which is located where?
  2. Fills which space?
A
  1. Choroid plexus within the ventricles of the brain

2. Subarachnoid space

31
Q

Choroid plexus:

  1. Lined with cells that do what?
  2. What directs the flow of CSF?
  3. Where does it get its blood supply?
A
  1. Facilitate CSF production
  2. Cilia
  3. Anterior choroidal artery (from middle cerebral artery) and posterior choroidal artery (from posterior cerebral artery)
32
Q
  1. CSF flows through ventricles to where?

2. CSF gets absorbed into __ via __

A
  1. Surfaces of cerebellum/brain stem, up through tentorial notch to surface of cerebrum
  2. Into dural venous sinuses via arachnoid granulations
33
Q
  1. What is hydrocephalus caused from (3)?
  2. What can it lead to in infants?
  3. Adults?
A
  1. Overproduction, poor absorption or blockage (in adults mostly) of CSF flow
  2. Enlarged neurocranium
  3. Enlarged ventricles
34
Q

Cavernous sinus

  1. 1 artery and 5 nerves pass through this space, what are they
  2. Location of this sinus?
  3. Infection of which vein can pool in this space and cause problems?
A
  1. Internal carotid artery; abducens nerve, V1, V2, trochlear and oculomotor
  2. On each side of the sella turcica
  3. Ophthalmic veins (which drain the orbit)
35
Q
  1. What parts of the head/face drain into the internal jugular vein
  2. What parts of the head/face drain into the external jugular vein
  3. How are the cavernous sinus and facial venous complex of IJV connected to each other (2)
A
  1. Cranial cavity and superficial face/neck
  2. Exterior cranium and deep face
  3. Via ophthalmic veins and pterygoid venous plexus

Gross Anatomy Block 4 (14 decks)

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