Face And Scalp Flashcards
Tissues of the skull from superficial to deep (6)
Skin, fatty layer, superficial musculo-aponeruotic system (SMAS), deep fascia, salivary glands and periosteum/bone
Scalp structures from superficial to deep
SCALP:
Skin, connective tissue, aponeurosis, loose areolar connective tissue (subaponeurotic space), and pericranium
Most blood supply to the face comes from which artery?
This artery is a branch of?
External carotid artery
Common carotid artery (external and internal)
External cartoid artery 4 major branches for the face
Facial artery, occipital artery, superficial temporal artery, and maxillary artery
Facial artery supplies?
Most of face, lips, and cheeks
Occipital artery supplies?
Posterior scalp
Superficial temporal artery supplies? (4)
Which branches supply each of these parts?
- Frontal and parietal branches = forehead and scalp
- Zygomatico-orbital artery= temple
- Transverse facial artery= cheeks
Maxillary artery supplies? (3)
Which branches supply these parts?
Infraorbital = midface Buccal = cheek muscles Mental = chin
3 named branches of the facial artery and what they supply
- Angular = termination of vessels round midface
- Superior labial artery = maxillary (upper) lips
- Inferior labial artery= mandibular (lower) lips
Posterior auricaular artery is a branch of __
Supplies?
External carotid artery
Supplies scalp posterior to ear (skin)
Internal cartoid artery supplies ___ from branch of the ___ artery; what are these 4 branches
Region around the eyes from branches of the ophthalmic artery
Supratrochlear artery, palpebral arteries, and dorsal nasal artery
- Occipital vein drains into __
- Superficial temporal vein drains into __
- Maxillary vein and superficial temporal vein form which vein?
- What forms EJV
- External jugular vein
- Maxillary vein
- Form the retromandibular vein
- Posterior auricular vein and retromandibular vein
What is a potential site for bacterial proliferation?
Cavernous sinus
Facial vein has connections to which two parts of the head?
Cavernous sinus and pterygoid plexuses
The facial vein joins which vein to become ?
Where does this vein drain into?
Facial vein joins retromandibular vein to form common facial vein
Common facial vein drains into internal jugular vein
Cranial nerves:
- Emerge from?
- Which cranial nerve supplies facial motor innervation?
- Facial sensory innervation?
- Brain stem
- Facial nerve (CN VII)
- Trigeminal nerve (CN V)
Facial nerve:
- Emerges from
- Supplies muscles of
- What are its 5 major branches?
- Stylomastoid foramen
- Facial expression
- Temporal, zygomatic, buccal, marginal mandibular, and cervical (from top to bottom if using the hand on face trick)
Trigeminal nerve has 3 branches; where do each of these branches emerge from
- V1 emerges from supraorbital and supratrochlear foramen
- V2 emerges from infraorbital foramen
- V3 emerges from mental foramen
V1:
- Also called __ branch
- Supplies (4)?
- Opthalmic branch
2. Forehead, top of head, posterior orbit and superior part of nose
V2
- Also called __ branch
- Supplies?
- Maxillary branch
2. Midface
V3:
- Also called?
- Supplies?
- Mandibular branch
2. Teeth and lower jaw/face
The following 4 branches of the facial nerve (listed before) supply which muscles of facial expression:
- Temporal nerve (3)
- Zygomatic nerve (3)
- Buccal nerve (2)
- Marginal mandibular nerve (4)
- Cervical (1)
- Occipitofrontalis, orbicularis oculi (part), corrugator supercilli
- Orbicularis oculi (part), zygomaticus major, nasalis
- Orbicularis oris (part), buccinator
- Orbicularis oris (part), depressor anguli oris, depressor labii inferioris, mentalis
- Platysma
Occipitofrontalis:
- Has two muscle bellies - name and location?
- Has thick aponeurosis on top of the scalp called?
- Action
- Innervation
- Frontal belly- forehead; occipital belly- back of scalp
- Galea aponeurotica
- Wrinkles forehead, frontal belly lifts eyebrows, occipital belly wrinkles skin on back of scalp
- Frontal belly= temporal branch of CN VII; occipital belly= posterior auricular nerve (part of CN VII)
Corrugator supercilii
- Action
- Innervation
- Furrows the brow
2. Temporal branch of CN VII
Orbicularis oculi
- What are its two parts?
- Action
- Innervation
- Palpebral part and orbital part
- Palpebral= closes eyelids; orbital= squints eyes
- Temporal and zygomatic branches of CN VII
Zygomaticus major
- Action
- Innervation
- Elevates the corners of the mouth (smile)
2. Zygomatic branch of CN VII
Nasalis:
- Action
- Innervation
- Flares the nostrils
2. Zygomatic branch of CN VII
Buccinator:
- Action
- Innervation
- Draws ends of mouth into a wide smile (photograph smile); contracts with orbicularis oris to create stiff lateral border for oral cavity (for chewing, keeps teeth away from cheeks, etc.)
- Buccal branch of CN VII
Levator anguli oris
- Action
- Innervation
- Raises the inner corner of the lips
2. Buccal branch of CN VII
Orbicularis oris:
- Action
- Innervation
- Closes the mouth and seals oral cavity (purses your lips)
2. Buccal and marginal mandibular branches of CN VII
Depressor anguli oris
- Action
- Innervation
- Lowers the corners of the lips
2. Marginal mandibular branch of CN VII
Depressor labii inferioris
- Action
- Innervation
- Lowers the lips (more useful for when you need to lower the lip to smile)
- Marginal mandibular branch of CN VII
Mentalis
- Action
- Innervation
- Pulls skin of the chin inferiorly and protrudes lower lip (pouting)
- Marginal mandibular branch of CN VII
Platysma
- Action
- Innervation
- Pulls skin on sides of mouth downwards (grimace; stretch neck face)
- Cervical branch of CN VII
What causes bells palsy?
Inflammation of the facial nerve
