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Gross Anatomy Block 4 > Pterygopalatine Fossa > Flashcards

Pterygopalatine Fossa Flashcards

1
Q

Pterygopalatine fossa is immediately posterior to what bone?

A

Maxilla

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2
Q

Walls of the pterygopalatine fossa:

  1. Anterior wall
  2. Medial wall
  3. Posterior wall and roof
A
  1. Posterior surface of maxilla
  2. Lateral surface of the palatine bone
  3. Parts of the sphenoid bone
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3
Q
  1. What part of the sphenoid bone contributes to formation of the fossa?
  2. What 2 foramina open onto this surface?
A
  1. Anterosuperior surface of the pterygoid process

2. Foramen rotundum and pterygoid canal

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4
Q

Foramen rotundum

  1. Where is it in relation to the pterygoid canal?
  2. Communicates with what cranial fossa?
  3. What passes through it?
A
  1. Lateral and superior
  2. Middle cranial fossa
  3. Maxillary nerve (V2)
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5
Q

Pterygoid canal:

  1. Where is it in relation to the foramen rotundum
  2. This canal opens onto?
  3. During its course, it runs through?
  4. Opens into middle cranial fossa where?
A
  1. Medial and inferior
  2. Posterior surface of pterygoid process
  3. Travels in the cartilage that fills the foramen lacerum
  4. Anteroinferior to the internal carotid artery
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6
Q

Apertures where structures leave/enter pterygopalatine fossa; what do they communicate with?:

  1. Foramen rotundum/pterygoid canal
  2. Palatovaginal canal
  3. Palatine canal
  4. Sphenopalatine foramen
  5. Pterygomaxillary fissure
  6. Inferior orbital fissure
A
  1. Middle cranial fossa
  2. Leads to the nasopharynx
  3. Leads to the roof of the oral cavity (hard palate)
  4. Opens onto lateral wall of nasal cavity
  5. Between lateral aspect of the pterygopalatine fossa and infratemporal fossa
  6. Between superior aspect of fossa into the floor of the orbit
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7
Q

Contents of the pterygopalatine fossa:

  1. 2 nerves
  2. 1 artery
  3. 1 other
A
  1. Maxillary nerve (V2), nerve of pterygoid canal
  2. Terminal part of maxillary artery
  3. Pterygopalatine ganglion
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8
Q

Nerve of the pterygoid canal:

  1. Formed by the union of what 2 nerves?
  2. What are those 2 nerves branches of?
  3. What does it join?
  4. What kind of fibers do each of these 2 nerves carry?
A
  1. Greater petrosal nerve and deep petrosal nerve
  2. Greater= VII; deep= internal carotid plexus
  3. Pterygopalatine ganglion
  4. Greater= preganglionic parasympathetic
    Deep= postganglionic sympathetic
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9
Q

Pterygopalatine ganglion:

  1. One of the 4 __
  2. Formed by cell body neurons associated with what 3 nerves/what type of fibers
A
  1. Parasympathetic ganglia in the head
  2. Postganglionic sympathetic (deep petrosal); sensory/ganglionic branches (maxillary nerve); preganglionic parasympathetic fibers (greater petrosal and nerve of pterygoid canal)
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10
Q

Nerve of pterygoid canal is branch of which nerve?

A

Facial nerve

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11
Q
  1. Fibers of pterygopalatine ganglion form what 4 branches that leave the ganglion?
  2. Where do the other fibers go? Are then distributed with what 3 nerves?
A
  1. Orbital, palatine, nasal, and pharyngeal branches

2. Pass superiorly to enter the main trunk of the maxillary nerve; zygomatic, posterior alveolar and infra-orbital

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12
Q

Orbital branches:

  1. Pass through?
  2. Supplies what 4 things?
A
  1. Inferior orbital fissure

2. Orbital wall (periosteum), lacrimal gland, sphenoidal and ethmoidal sinuses

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13
Q

Pharyngeal nerve:

  1. Passes ?
  2. Leaves the fossa thru?
  3. Supplies what 2 things?
A
  1. Posteriorly from the pterygopalatine ganglion
  2. Palatovaginal canal
  3. Mucosa and glands of the nasopharynx
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14
Q

Greater and lesser palatine nerves

  1. Pass thru?
  2. How do they enter the oral surface of the palate?
  3. Lesser palatine nerve passes posteriorly to supply?
  4. Greater (anterior) palatine nerve supplies?
  5. Greater palatine nerve joins which nerve?
A
  1. Palatine canal
  2. Thru the greater and lesser palatine foramina
  3. Soft palate
  4. Mucosa/glands of head palate and adjacent gingiva, mucosa over the middle and lower part of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity
  5. Long sphenopalatine nerve
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15
Q

Nasal nerve:

  1. How many are there?
  2. Pass thru __ to enter__?
  3. Short sphenopalatine supplies?
  4. Which is the largest? How does it run? What does it supply? What nerve does it join?
A
  1. 7
  2. Sphenopalatine foramen to enter nasal cavity
  3. Mucosa of posterior/superior quadrant of the nasal cavity
  4. Nasopalatine nerve; passes anteriorly grooving down the nasal septum; mucosa, gingiva, and glands adjacent to incisor teeth; joins greater palatine nerve
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16
Q

Maxillary nerve (V2)

  1. Purely __
  2. Originates from?
  3. How does it enter the pterygopalatine fossa?
  4. Terminates as __ nerve thru __
A
  1. Sensory
  2. Trigeminal ganglion in the cranial cavity
  3. Thru foramen rotundum
  4. Infraorbital nerve thru the inferior orbital fissure
17
Q

Maxillary nerve (V2)

  1. 4 branches
  2. 2 ganglionic branches pass thru the pterygopalatine ganglion; what type of fibers do they have?
  3. What is the first branch and where does it branch
A
  1. Meningeal, zygomatic, posterior superior alveolar, and infraorbital
  2. Postganglionic parasympathetic and sensory
  3. Maxillary nerve gives off the meningeal branch before it enters the fossa
18
Q

Zygomatic nerve (branch of V2)

  1. How does it enter the orbit?
  2. Divides into?
A
  1. Thru the inferior orbital fissure

2. Zygomaticotemporal and zygomaticofacial

19
Q

Zygomaticotemporal branch:

  1. Enters what fossa?
  2. What type of fibers does it carry?
  3. Joins which nerve?
A
  1. Temporal fossa
  2. Postganglionic parasympathetic and sympathetic special autonomic
  3. Lacrimal
20
Q

Zygomaticofacial branch:

  1. Opens onto?
  2. Supplies?
A
  1. Zygomatic bone

2. Adjacent skin

21
Q

Posterior superior alveolar nerve:

  1. Leaves fossa thru?
  2. Enters maxilla between?
  3. Supplies?
  4. Contributes to the supply of the ?
A
  1. Pterygomaxillary fissure
  2. Last molar tooth and inferior orbital fissure
  3. Molar teeth and adjacent buccal gingiva
  4. Maxillary sinus
22
Q

Infraorbital nerve:

  1. Anterior continuation of __
  2. How does it leave the fossa? (3)
  3. Gives rise to what 2 nerves, where?
  4. Joins __ plexus to supply __
  5. Middle superior alveolar nerve also supplies?
  6. Small branch that anterior superior alveolar nerve gives off?
A
  1. Maxillary nerve
  2. Thru inferior orbital fissure->infraorbital groove-> infraorbital canal
  3. Middle and anterior superior alveolar nerves
  4. Superior alveolar plexus to supply upper teeth
  5. Maxillary sinus
  6. Small nasal branch
23
Q

Infraorbital nerve continued:

Divides into what 3 branches
What does each of these branches supply

A
  1. Nasal branches - skin over lateral aspect of nose and part of septum
  2. Palpebral branches - skin of the lower eyelid
  3. Superior labial branches - skin over cheek and upper lip and related oral mucosa
24
Q

Maxillary artery

  1. Branch of?
  2. Originates where?
  3. How does it enter the pterygopalatine fossa? Which part of the artery enters thru here?
A
  1. External carotid artery
  2. Adjacent to the neck of the mandible, within the parotid gland
  3. Thru the pterygomaxillary fissure; third part
25
Q

First part of maxillary artery:

  1. Location
  2. Related to what nerve and what vein?
  3. 2 major branches?
  4. 3 smaller branches?
A
  1. Between neck of mandible and sphenomandibular ligament
  2. Auriculotemporal nerve and maxillary vein
  3. Middle meningeal and inferior alveolar
  4. Deep auricular, anterior tympanic, and accessory meningeal
26
Q

Second part of maxillary artery:

  1. Related to what muscle?
  2. Gives rise to what 4 branches?
  3. These branches supply?
  4. Course with branches of what nerve?
A
  1. Lateral pterygoid
  2. Deep temporal, masseteric, buccal and pterygoid branches
  3. Muscles of mastication
  4. Mandibular nerve
27
Q

Terminal (3rd) part of maxillary artery:

  1. Anterior to __
  2. Its branches accompany branches of what 2 things?
  3. Branches supply what 3 things?
  4. Contribute to the blood supply of what 3 things?
A
  1. Pterygopalatine ganglion
  2. Maxillary nerve and pterygopalatine ganglion
  3. Nasal cavity, roof of oral cavity, and all upper teeth
  4. Sinuses, oropharynx, floor of the orbit
28
Q

6 branches of the third part of the maxillary artery

A

Posterior superior alveolar, infraorbital, greater palatine, pharyngeal, sphenopalatine arteries, and artery of pterygoid canal

29
Q

Posterior superior alveolar artery:

  1. Meets what nerve?
  2. Accompanies this nerve to the __
  3. Supplies?
A
  1. Posterior superior alveolar nerve
  2. Infratemporal surface of the maxilla
  3. Molar/premolar teeth, adjacent gingiva, and maxillary sinus
30
Q

Infraorbital artery:

  1. Leaves fossa thru?
  2. Lies with what nerve
  3. Where does it give off its branches
  4. Main branches and what they supply
A
  1. Inferior orbital fissure
  2. Infraorbital nerve
  3. When its in the orbital canal
  4. Anterior superior alveolar arteries- incisor and canine teeth and maxillary sinus
    Branches that contribute to blood supply of floor of orbit, inferior rectus, inferior oblique and lacrimal sac
31
Q

Greater palatine artery:

  1. How does it leave the fossa?
  2. What nerve does it leave with?
  3. Supplies?
A
  1. Palatovaginal canal
  2. Pharyngeal nerve
  3. Posterior aspect of roof of nasal cavity, sphenoidal sinus, and pharyngotympanic tube
32
Q

Sphenopalatine artery:

  1. What is significant about this
  2. How does it leave the fossa
  3. Accompanies what nerves
  4. What are its 2 branches and what do they supply?
A
  1. Terminal branch of maxillary artery
  2. Sphenopalatine foramen
  3. Nasal nerves
  4. Posterior lateral nasal arteries - supplies lateral wall of nasal cavity and contributes to paranasal sinuses
    Posterior septal branches - supplies nasal septum
33
Q

Largest branch of the posterior septal branches anastomoses with?

A

Greater palatine artery

34
Q

Artery of pterygoid canal:

  1. Passes posteriorly into _ ; supplies?
  2. Passes inferiorly thru
  3. Terminates where?
A
  1. Pterygoid canal; supplies surrounding tissues
  2. Cartilage filling foramen lacerum
  3. Mucosa of the nasopharynx
35
Q
  1. Veins coalesce in the pterygopalatine fossa and then join __ where?
  2. Infraorbital vein drains what part of the face
A
  1. Pterygoid plexus of veins in the infratemporal fossa

2. Inferior aspect of the orbit

Gross Anatomy Block 4 (14 decks)

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