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Gross Anatomy Block 4 > Pharynx > Flashcards

Pharynx Flashcards

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1
Q

Where is the pharynx deficient?

A

Anteriorly?

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2
Q

Where is the pharynx located in relation to the larynx?

A

Posterior

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3
Q

3 parts of the pharynx?

A

Nasal, oral and laryngeal parts

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4
Q

At what cervical vertebra does the pharynx become continuous with the esophagus

A

Becomes continuous with the esophagus opposite the 6th cervical vertebrae

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5
Q

How does the pharynx communicate with the following:

  1. Nasal cavity
  2. Oral cavity
  3. Larynx
  4. Tympanic cavity
A
  1. Through posterior openings into the nose (choanae)
  2. Opening into the mouth
  3. Inlet of the larynx
  4. Through the auditory tube
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6
Q

3 muscles in the wall of the pharynx?

A

Constrictor muscles (superior, middle and inferior), stylopharyngeus, and salpingopharyngeus

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7
Q

Another name for the inferior constrictor muscle?

Where does it arise from?

A

Cricopharyngeus muscle

Arises from cricoid cartilage

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8
Q

Nasal pharynx:

  1. Location (in general)
  2. Location of the pharyngeal tonsil; what is it composed of
  3. What/where is the pharyngeal isthmus
  4. What is the tubal elevation?
A
  1. Above the soft palate and behind the nasal cavities
  2. Located in the submucosa of the roof; composed to lymphoid tissue
  3. Opening in the floor between the soft palate and posterior pharyngeal wall
  4. Elevated ridge on the lateral wall where the opening of the auditory tube is located
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9
Q

Nasal pharynx:

  1. What/where is the pharyngeal recess?
  2. What/where is the salpingopharyngeal fold?
A
  1. Depression in the pharyngeal wall behind the tubal elevation
  2. Fold of mucus membrane covering the salpingopharyngeus muscle
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10
Q

Oral pharynx:

  1. Location
  2. What forms the floor
  3. What is in the midline?
  4. What is on each side?
  5. What is the vallecula?
A
  1. Behind the oral cavity
  2. Posterior 1/3 of tongue and interval between tongue and epiglottis
  3. Median glossoepiglottic fold
  4. Lateral glossoepiglottic fold
  5. Depression on each side of the median glossoepiglottic fold
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11
Q

Oral pharynx:

  1. Location of palatoglossal arch
  2. Space in between 2 palatoglossal arches is called?
  3. Location of palatopharyngeal arch?
  4. What is located in between the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches?
A
  1. On lateral wall, covering the palatoglossus muscle on each side
  2. Oropharyngeal isthmus
  3. Covering the palatopharyngeus muscle
  4. Palatine tonsil
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12
Q

Which 2 tonsils of the pharynx are most important clinically for immunity?

A

Nasopharyngeal tonsil and palatine tonsil

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13
Q

What happens to palatine tonsil as we age?

Palatine tonsil is a common site of infection, what 2 symptoms will you get

A

Gradually starts to atrophy beginning in childhood

Sore throat and fever

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14
Q
  1. Which lymph node drains the palatine tonsil
  2. What would indicate the need for a tonsillectomy
  3. Post-op bleeding is caused by which vessel? Location of this vessel in relation to the tonsil?
A
  1. Deep cervical lymph node
  2. Recurrent attacks of tonsillitis
  3. External palatine vein; lies lateral to the tonsil
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15
Q
  1. What is a quinsy

2. What is it caused by

A
  1. A peritonsillar abscess

2. Spread of infection from palatine tonsil to LCT outside the capsule

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16
Q

Location of the nasopharyngeal and pharyngeal tonsils?

A

Beneath the epithelium of the roof of the nasal part of pharynx

17
Q

Adenoids:

  1. What are they?
  2. Symptoms? Why?
  3. What can this cause secondarily? Why?
  4. How would a physician check for these?
A
  1. Excessive hypertrophy of lymphoid tissue, usually associated with infection, that causes the pharyngeal tonsils to become enlarged
  2. Causes snoring and breathing thru an open mouth because hypertrophy blocks the posterior nasal openings
  3. Deafness/recurrent otitis media - infected lymph tissue is near auditory tube
  4. By passing a mirror thru the mouth to look at the nasal part of the pharynx
18
Q

Laryngeal pharynx:

  1. Location
  2. What 2 things form the lateral wall?
  3. Depression on each side of laryngeal inlet is called?
A
  1. Behind the opening into the larynx
  2. Thyroid cartilage and thyrohyoid membrane
  3. Piriform fossa
19
Q

Sensory innervation of the 3 parts of the pharyngeal mucus membranes

  1. Nasal pharynx
  2. Oral pharynx
  3. Laryngeal pharynx
A
  1. Maxillary nerve
  2. Glossopharyngeal nerve
  3. Internal laryngeal branch of vagus nerve
20
Q

Blood supply for pharynx (4- 1 artery and 3 branches of different arteries)

A

Ascending pharyngeal
Tonsillar branches of facial arteries
Branches of maxillary and lingual arteries

21
Q

Where does the pharynx lymph drain directly? Indirectly?

A

Directly- deep cervical lymph nodes

Indirectly- retropharyngeal or paratracheal nodes into the deep cervical nodes

22
Q

Swallowing/deglutition

  1. Initial swallowing of bolus is due to contraction of which muscle? Muscle is doing what action
  2. Next muscle to contract is? What does it do?
  3. From this point on what happens?
A
  1. Styloglossus muscle on both sides, pulls the root fo the tongue upward and backward
  2. Palatoglossus muscles squeeze the bolus backward into pharynx
  3. Process of swallowing becomes an involuntary act
23
Q
  1. When swallowing, the nasal part and oral part of pharynx are closed off from each other by ?
  2. What muscles cause this to happen? What do they do?
  3. So this helps prevent what?
A
  1. Elevation of the soft palate
  2. Upper fibers of the superior constrictor muscles pull the posterior wall of the pharynx forward; palatopharyngeus muscle also contracts
  3. Prevents passage of food/drink into the nasal cavities
24
Q
  1. What closes the entrance to the larynx during swallowing?
  2. What 4 muscles contract to make this happen?
  3. How is the laryngeal entrance made smaller
  4. Contraction of what 3 muscles cause the arytenoid cartilages to be pulled forward
A
  1. Main part of larynx becomes elevated to the posterior surface of the epiglottis
  2. Stylopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus, thyrohyoid, and palatopharyngeus muscles
  3. By approximation of the aryepiglottic folds
  4. Aryepiglottic, oblique arytenoid, and thyroarytenoid muscles
25
Q

Contraction of what muscles causes the bolus to move downward to the lower part of pharynx?

A

Successive contractions of superior, middle, and inferior constrictor muscles

26
Q
  1. Some of the food slides down what fossa?

2. How does the bolus enter the esophagus?

A
  1. Piriform fossa

2. When the lower part of the pharyngeal wall (cricopharyngeus muscle) relaxes

27
Q

Which part of the palatine tonsil projects into the pharynx?

What is located on the surface of the palatine tonsils?

A

The medial surface (the only part not covered by a mucus membrane)

Small openings that lead into the tonsillar crypts

28
Q

Palatine tonsils:

  1. Have a fibrous capsule located where?
  2. What is the capsule separated from the superior constrictor muscle by?
  3. Course of external palatine vein?
  4. What 3 things lie lateral to the superior constrictor muscle (1 muscle, and 2 arteries)
A
  1. Covers the lateral surface of the tonsil
  2. By loose areolar connective tissue
  3. Descends from soft palatine to join the pharyngeal venous plexus
  4. Styloglossus muscle, loop of the facial artery and the internal carotid artery
29
Q

Palatine tonsil

  1. Blood supply?
  2. Veins pierce what muscle to join what 3 veins
  3. Lymph drainage? Location of these lymph nodes
A
  1. Tonsillar branch of facial artery
  2. Pierce superior constrictor muscle and join either the external palatine, pharyngeal or facial veins
  3. Upper deep cervical lymph nodes; just below and behind the angle of the mandible
30
Q

Waldeyers ring of lymphoid tissue

  1. Location
  2. Lateral part of the ring is formed by what 2 things?
  3. What forms the upper part?
  4. What forms the lower part?
A
  1. Surrounds the opening into the respiratory and digestive systems
  2. Palatine and tubal tonsils
  3. Pharyngeal tonsil
  4. Lingual tonsil
31
Q
  1. Location of pharyngeal tonsil

2. Location of lingual tonsil

A
  1. Roof of the nasopharynx

2. Posterior 1/3 of the tongue

Gross Anatomy Block 4 (14 decks)

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