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Microbiology Exam 3 > Viruses Part 1.3 ( Viral Taxomony, RNA section ) > Flashcards

Viruses Part 1.3 ( Viral Taxomony, RNA section ) Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 9 Single stranded RNA viruses?

A

Picornaviridae
Togaviridae
Coronaviridae
Orthomyxoviridae
Flaviviridae
Retroviridae
Paramyxoviridae
Rhabdoviridae
Filoviridae

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2
Q

What is a slogan that can help me remember the 9 single stranded RNA ?

A

Pico
Took
Corona
Outside
For
Retro
Party
Rhinestone
Finals

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3
Q

What are the 4 things to help classify if it’s a picornaviridae?
(What is it, shape, naked or envelope, positive or negative?)

A

Single stranded rna
Isosahedral
Naked viruses
Positive sense

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4
Q

What does pico mean in picornaviridae?

A

Very small

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5
Q

What are the viruses that fall under picornaviridae? (4)

A

Polio virus
Coxsackievirus
Enterovirus ( hepatitis A )
Rhinoviruses (common cold)

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6
Q

What is the enteroviruses in picornaviridae?

A

Hepatitis A virus (HAV)

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7
Q

What does rhinoviruses mean for picornaviridae?

A

Common colds

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8
Q

What is the difference between hepatitis A and hepatitis B virus ?

A

They are different because hepatitis A is Rna and hepatitis B is DNA

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9
Q

How do you get hepatitis A ? Verse hepatitis B?

A

Fecal contamination

Hepatitis B - sex & blood

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10
Q

What are the 4 things to help classify if it’s a togaviridae?
(What is it, shape, naked or envelope, positive or negative?)

A

Single stranded RNA
Isosahedral
Enveloped
Positive

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11
Q

What does toga mean in togaviridae?

A

Cloaked or enveloped

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12
Q

How is togaviridae transmitted?

A

Through mosquitoes ( athropods )

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13
Q

What are the viruses that fall under togaviridae? (2)

A

Arbovirus
Rubiviruses ( rubella )

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14
Q

What does arbovirus cause for togaviridae?

A

Encephalitis

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15
Q

What does rubiviruses causes for togaviridae ?

A

Rubella ( German measles )

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16
Q

What makes German measles so dangerous?

A

Abnormalities in a fetus, when a pregnant woman is infected

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17
Q

What are the 4 things to help classify if it’s a coronaviridae?
(What is it, shape, naked or envelope, positive or negative?)

A

Single stranded rna
Isosahedral
Enveloped
Positive sense

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18
Q

What are the viruses under coronaviridae?(4)

A

Sars-cov
MERS-coV
Sars-cov2
Common cold

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19
Q

Is sars-cov more deadlier than Sars-cov2?

A

Yes

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20
Q

What is the diseases for Sars-cov2?

A

Covid 19

( the virus is SARS-cov2, while the disease is covid 19 )

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21
Q

How did Covid-19 come to be? Where did it come from and how was it transmitted?

A

Came from wuhan China
Zoonotic - bats
Transmitted through person to person & air droplets
( 6 feet distance )

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22
Q

What are the symptoms of covid?

A

Fever
Chills
Loss of taste and smell

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23
Q

What symptoms make covid 19 stand out more than influenza?

A

The fact that you can lose your taste and sense of smell

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24
Q

What was the limited experiment treatments before vaccines ? And what was the name of the oral pill?

A

Using monoclonal antibody infusion

Oral pill molnupiravir

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25
Q

How many licensed vaccines are there for covid?

A

6

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26
Q

What are the 3 FDA approvals vaccines for covid & are they mRNA, describe each one?

A

Pfizer - mRNA
Moderna - mRNA
Johnson & Johnson - viral vector

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27
Q

What are the 3 types of covid vaccines?

A

mRNA, viral vector, killed viruses

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28
Q

What is the name of the vaccine for covid that kills the virus?

A

Chinese vaccines

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29
Q

What are the 4 things to help classify if it’s a orthomyxoviridae?
(What is it, shape, naked or envelope, positive or negative?)

A

Single stranded rna
Helical
Enveloped
Negative sense

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30
Q

What is the virus that falls under orthomyxoviridae?

A

Influenza
(A, B, C)

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31
Q

What is the difference between negative sense and positive sense?

A

Positive - mRNA immediately
Negative - complemtary strand, to make mRNA

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32
Q

If we have a piece of RNA, and wanna make another piece of RNA, what is the enzyme transcribed?

A

RNA dependent RNA polymerase

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33
Q

Do we ever make rna from rna in cells? If not, what do we do?

A

Nope we never do, instead we use DNA to make RNA In cells
( called transcription)

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34
Q

How many segmented strands are in influenza virus for Orthomyxoviridae? ( and are segmented in what? )

A

8 helical strands segmented in capsid

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35
Q

What is the most common influenza type?

A

A

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36
Q

Can influenza A infect other animals, not just humans?

A

Yes, like horses, pigs, anything

37
Q

What are the 2 different types of spikes ( peplomers ) in influenza for Orthomyxoviridae?

A

HA - hemagglutinin
NA - Neuraminidase

38
Q

Are peplomers(protein spikes) antigenic?

A

Yes

39
Q

What does the Hemaggoutinin do ? ( HA spikes )? ( how many are there )

A

Attachment
18

40
Q

What does the neuraminidase ( NA) spikes do ? ( how many are there )?

A

Release from host cell
11

41
Q

Is H1N1 strain more deadlier than H1N1 strand from Spanish flu ( flu strand from 2018-2019?) & why?

A

Yes because it mutates more & makes a bad immunogenicity in vaccines samples

42
Q

How many people die from influenza ?and who does it mainly kill? (3)

A

30k to 50k death
Young kids, elders, immunocompromised

43
Q

What is the name for influenza ?

A

A/ Philippines/ 82/ H3N3

44
Q

Is influenza deadlier than covid?

A

No, covid is deadlier

45
Q

Why do we need the flu shot every single year?

A

Because influenza is a virus that mutates a ton

46
Q

What is antigenic drift?(3)

A

Small changes in H&N antigen
Making few new amino acid differences
Resulting in us having to take a new vaccine every year

47
Q

What is antigenic shift for influenza ?(3)

A

Big changes in H&N antigen
Creating a new strain
Resulting pandemic

48
Q

What animal is the most common mixing vessel of influenza viruses ?

A

Pigs

49
Q

Which one causes epidemics? Antigenic shift or antigenic drift?

A

Antigenic drift

50
Q

Which one causes pandemics? Antigenic drift or antigenic shift?

A

Antigenic shift

51
Q

H1N1 goes into H3N2 ? What happened?

A

An antigenic shift, a massive change in the antigens of H and N

52
Q

What was the most severe and famous pandemic of the influenza ? And how many did it kill ?

A

Spanish flu of 1918
50 million people

53
Q

Antigenic shift, pig strain goes into bird strain, is that a shift?

A

Yes because it’s 2 types is strain that make a massive change

54
Q

Why will flu always be around?

A

Because it’s always changing and in animals too

55
Q

Was the Spanish flu a swine of h1n1?

A

Yes

56
Q

Where did the Spanish flu originated?

A

United States, Kansas

57
Q

What was the percentage of people who died to the Spanish flu?

A

5%

58
Q

Who was dying to the Spanish flu?

A

Young 15-45 year olds

59
Q

Why was it the young who kept dying to the Spanish flu?

A

Because of the cytoskine storm

60
Q

What is a cytokine storm?

A

Higher than normal activation of genes with T cells, macrophages & tissues injury and oxidative damage

( over activates the inflammatory response )

61
Q

Who helped us understand the 1918 Spanish flu? Scientist who graduted from mason?

A

Jeffery turburger

62
Q

What is the mode of transmission for flu?

A

Contaminated surfaces
Air droplets
Contact

63
Q

is there a vaccine for the flu?

A

Yea!!

64
Q

What are the 2 vaccination for flu ? (Examples)

A

Killed whole virus
Live viruses ( flu mist, for kids typically )

65
Q

What is the most famous treatment for flu?

A

Tamiflu
( neuraminidase inhibitors )

66
Q

What’s another treatment for the flu, other than tamiflu?

A

Xofluza( oral medicine )

67
Q

What is the best prevention of the flu?

A

Vaccination

68
Q

Are there other measures to prevent from getting the flu?

A

Hand washing
Wearing masks
Social distancing

69
Q

What are the 4 things to help classify if it’s flaviviridae?
(What is it, shape, naked or envelope, positive or negative?)

A

Single stranded RNA
Polyhedral
Enveloped
Positive

70
Q

What are the viruses that fall under flaviviridae?(2)

A

Hepatitis C and yellow fever

71
Q

What are the 4 things to help classify if it’s a retroviridae?
(What is it, shape, naked or envelope, positive or negative?)

A

Single stranded rna
Isosahedral
Enveloped
Positive

72
Q

What makes retroviridae speical?

A

It has 2 identical copies of ssRNA

73
Q

What are the viruses that fall under retroviridae?

A

HIV
( immunodeficiency viruses )
Leukemia viruses
Rna tumor viruses

74
Q

What is happening in the 2 identical copies of SSRNA for retroviridae?

A

Reverse transcriptase

75
Q

What is reverse transcriptase?

A

SsRNA -> DS DNA -> host chromosome

76
Q

What makes reterovirudae so important? ( lntegration?)

A

Lysogenic ( integetragtion )

77
Q

Why do we call them retro viruses?

A

Because they reverse the flow of genetic information

78
Q

What are the 4 things to help classify if it’s paranyxoviridae?
(What is it, shape, naked or envelope, positive or negative?)

A

Single stranded rna
Helical
Envelope
Negative

79
Q

What are the viruses for paramyxoviridae?

A

Measles
( paramyxoviridae viruses )

80
Q

What are the 4 things to help classify if it’s rhabdoviridae?
(What is it, shape, naked or envelope, positive or negative?)

A

Single stranded rna
Helical
Enveloped
Negative

81
Q

How is the rhabdoviridae shaped?

A

Shaped like a bullet with spikes on enveloped

82
Q

What viruses fall under rhabdoviridae?

A

Rabies virus

83
Q

Is the rabies viruses zoonotic?

A

Yes, comes from animals

84
Q

What are the 4 things to help classify if it’s a filoviridae?
(What is it, shape, naked or envelope, positive or negative?)

A

Single stranded rna
Helical
Envelope
Negative

85
Q

What are the viruses that fall under filoviridae?

A

Ebola virus
Hemorrhagic fever

86
Q

What is the 1 family that falls under the double stranded RNA virus?

A

Reoviridae

87
Q

What are the 4 things to help classify if it’s a reoviridae?
(What is it, shape, naked or envelope,segmented or not ?)

A

Double stranded RNA
Isosahderal
Naked
Segmented

88
Q

What viruses fall under reoviridae?and causes

A

Rota
Diaherra in young kids

( another is Colorado tick disease )

89
Q

What does the R E O stand for in reoviridae?

A

Respiratory disease
Enteric disease
Orphan

Microbiology Exam 3 (12 decks)

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