viruses and bacteria of female Flashcards
what are the 4 main viruses of cattle
BVDV
BHV
schmallenberg
bluetongue
how is BVDV transmitted
shed by resp + faeces and semen - enter resp / GIT - haematogenous to placenta
how does BVDV affect cattle in different trimesters?
1st - embryonic / foetal death, PI calf
2- abortion, mummified, congenital deformities (cerebellar hypoplasia, retinal dysplasia, cataracts)
3- occasional abortion / stillbirth
till when can a calf be PI by BVDV and why?
till d 140 when it become immunocompetent
how can you diagnose and prevent BVDV?
- PCR of thymus spleen IHC on brain serology on free foetal fluid vacc dam remove PI animals
how do viruses cause repro failure?
viral replication in foetal tissues - malformation / death, damage to placental BV, stress and pyrexia of dam
what is the sheep equivalent of BVDV?
border disease (hairy shaker lambs)
how is BHV 1 transmitted?
venereal
contact
aerosol
what are the signs of BHV?
painful genital lesions swelling frequent urination self-limiting may be latent and activated by stress
what does a BHV abortion look like?
at 4-8 m
necrosis in liver and lung
autolysis
how do you diagnose and prevent BHV?
immunofluorescence on foetus
vaccinate dam
what are the signs of schmallenberg in cattle?
arthrogryposis
hydrancephaly
cerebellar / cerebal hypoplasia
how do you diagnose schmallenberg?
brain PCR
histopath
foetal and materanl serology
what are the signs of bluetongue in cattle?
abortion
dam pyrexia
congenital hydrancencephaly
what are the 7 main pig viral repro disease?
PRRS porcine parvovirus swine influenza porcine circovirus 2 aujeszkys disease classical swine fever african swine fever
how does PRRS spread?
aerosol
semen
what are the signs of PRRS?
resp disease oedema immunosuppression mummified abortion premature births
how do you diagnose and prevent PRRS?
- PCR of lymphoid tissue
screen semen with PCR
quarantine and separate preg sows
how is porcine parvovirus transmitted?
faecal - oral
transplacental
what are the signs of porcine parvovirus?
SMEDI
resorption or mummification or stillbirth
how do you diagnose porcine parvo?
PCR on liver
foetal fluid serology if over 70d / 16 cm long (as immunocompetent)
immunofluorescence on liver
what signs are seen with swine influenza?
resp
pyrexia
abortion
how do you diagnose swine influenza?
PCR
paired serology
what signs do you see with porcine circovirus 2?
abortion mummification stillbirth weak piglet congenital tremor
how do you diagnose and prevent porcine circovirus 2?
IHC on heart
vacc
- not found in UK
why cant you PCR for porcine circovirus?
as prevent in all animals
what are the signs of aujeszkys disease?
aerosol - haematogenous - foetus - abort / still born / CNS signs
what are the signs of classical swine fever?
dia haemorrhage on skin and organs abortion mummies stillborn
what are the signs of african swine fever?
dia haemorrhage on skin and organs abortion mummies stillborn
what 3 viral pig disease are notifiable?
aujeszkys disease
classical swine fever
african swine fever
what is the main dog virus?
canine herpesvirus
what are the signs , infection route and prevention of canine herpesvirus?
- via birth canal / contact after birth
organ necrosis , death
vacc bitch
what are the 2 main cat viruses?
FLV
feline panleuocopenia virus
how does FLV spread, diagnosed and prevented?
- crosses placenta - resorb or abort
- Ag test queen, immunofluorescence / PCR on foetus
- vacc
what are the signs of feline panleucopenia virus?
repro failure
cerebellar hypoplasia
how do you detect virus?
virus isolation
PCR
how do you detect Ab to virus?
foetal fluids
dam serology
5 bacteria causing bovine abortion
leptospira hardjo bacillus licheniformis salmonella dublin brucella abortus and melitensis mycoses - aspergillus
what are the signs of leptospira in cattle?
abortion
milk loss
infertility
often subclinical
how does leptospira spread?
urine
infected water
how do you diagnose and prevent leptospira?
- paired sera samples
- microscopic agglutination test
- vacc
- reach equilibrium in herd with subclinical disease
what are the signs of bacillus licheniformis?
abortion
how is bacillus licheniformis spread?
from the soil
not animal to animal
what are the signs of brucella?
chronic infection with granulomatus lesions
placentitis
abortion
how is brucella spread?
wildlife reservoirs
enter by phagocytosis at mucosal surfaces and migrates via lymph to blood
localises in lymph, liver, spleen
how do you diagnose brucella abortus?
culture intracellularly in eggs / cells
appears red with kosters stain
can you vaccinate against brucella?
yes
what are the signs of aspergillus?
placentitis
foetal death
how is aspergillus spread?
inhaled / ingested fungal spores from mouldy food / fed
gets into macrophages and spreads haematogenously
what is seen on the calf with aspergillus?
necrotic skin
what bacteria can cause bovine infertility?
camylobacter fetus subsp venerealis
what does campylobacter do to the bull?
lifelong asymptomatic infection
lives in mm and prepuce
what does campylobacter do to the cow?
catarrhal infl of the genital tract
endometritis
embryo dies as cant implant
infertile
how is campylobacter spread?
venereally
how can you diagnose campylobacter?
culture / PCR of sheath / vaginal washings or abortion products
what 5 bacteria can cause bovine endometritis?
truperella pyogenes e,coli streptococci anaerobes enterococcus faecalis
what are the signs of bovine endometritis?
acute / chronic suppurative infection
luteolysis prevented by infl - CL retained and drainage prevented by closed cervix
what 2 main bacteria cause sheep abortion?
chlamydophila abortus
campylobacter fetus subsp fetus
what are the signs seen with chlamydophila in sheep?
long term persistent infection
late abortion
future fertility ok
how is chlamydophila spread in sheep?
infected faeces / birds - venereal or oral
how do you diagnose and prevent chlamydophila in sheep?
ELISA
PCR
kosters stain red
vaccinate
what are the signs of campylobacter in sheep?
sporadic abortion due to bacteraemia
how is campylobacter spread?
faeces
