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Year 3 repro > viruses and bacteria of female > Flashcards

viruses and bacteria of female Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 4 main viruses of cattle

A

BVDV
BHV
schmallenberg
bluetongue

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2
Q

how is BVDV transmitted

A

shed by resp + faeces and semen - enter resp / GIT - haematogenous to placenta

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3
Q

how does BVDV affect cattle in different trimesters?

A

1st - embryonic / foetal death, PI calf

2- abortion, mummified, congenital deformities (cerebellar hypoplasia, retinal dysplasia, cataracts)

3- occasional abortion / stillbirth

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4
Q

till when can a calf be PI by BVDV and why?

A

till d 140 when it become immunocompetent

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5
Q

how can you diagnose and prevent BVDV?

A 
- PCR of thymus spleen
IHC on brain
serology on free foetal fluid
vacc dam
remove PI animals
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6
Q

how do viruses cause repro failure?

A

viral replication in foetal tissues - malformation / death, damage to placental BV, stress and pyrexia of dam

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7
Q

what is the sheep equivalent of BVDV?

A

border disease (hairy shaker lambs)

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8
Q

how is BHV 1 transmitted?

A

venereal
contact
aerosol

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9
Q

what are the signs of BHV?

A 
painful genital lesions
swelling
frequent urination
self-limiting
may be latent and activated by stress
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10
Q

what does a BHV abortion look like?

A

at 4-8 m
necrosis in liver and lung
autolysis

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11
Q

how do you diagnose and prevent BHV?

A

immunofluorescence on foetus

vaccinate dam

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12
Q

what are the signs of schmallenberg in cattle?

A

arthrogryposis
hydrancephaly
cerebellar / cerebal hypoplasia

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13
Q

how do you diagnose schmallenberg?

A

brain PCR
histopath
foetal and materanl serology

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14
Q

what are the signs of bluetongue in cattle?

A

abortion
dam pyrexia
congenital hydrancencephaly

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15
Q

what are the 7 main pig viral repro disease?

A 
PRRS
porcine parvovirus
swine influenza
porcine circovirus 2
aujeszkys disease
classical swine fever
african swine fever
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16
Q

how does PRRS spread?

A

aerosol

semen

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17
Q

what are the signs of PRRS?

A 
resp disease
oedema
immunosuppression
mummified abortion
premature births
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18
Q

how do you diagnose and prevent PRRS?

A
  • PCR of lymphoid tissue
    screen semen with PCR
    quarantine and separate preg sows
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19
Q

how is porcine parvovirus transmitted?

A

faecal - oral

transplacental

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20
Q

what are the signs of porcine parvovirus?

A

SMEDI

resorption or mummification or stillbirth

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21
Q

how do you diagnose porcine parvo?

A

PCR on liver
foetal fluid serology if over 70d / 16 cm long (as immunocompetent)
immunofluorescence on liver

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22
Q

what signs are seen with swine influenza?

A

resp
pyrexia
abortion

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23
Q

how do you diagnose swine influenza?

A

PCR

paired serology

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24
Q

what signs do you see with porcine circovirus 2?

A 
abortion
mummification
stillbirth
weak piglet
congenital tremor
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25
Q

how do you diagnose and prevent porcine circovirus 2?

A

IHC on heart
vacc

  • not found in UK
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26
Q

why cant you PCR for porcine circovirus?

A

as prevent in all animals

27
Q

what are the signs of aujeszkys disease?

A

aerosol - haematogenous - foetus - abort / still born / CNS signs

28
Q

what are the signs of classical swine fever?

A 
dia
haemorrhage on skin and organs
abortion
mummies
stillborn
29
Q

what are the signs of african swine fever?

A 
dia
haemorrhage on skin and organs
abortion
mummies
stillborn
30
Q

what 3 viral pig disease are notifiable?

A

aujeszkys disease
classical swine fever
african swine fever

31
Q

what is the main dog virus?

A

canine herpesvirus

32
Q

what are the signs , infection route and prevention of canine herpesvirus?

A
  • via birth canal / contact after birth
    organ necrosis , death
    vacc bitch
33
Q

what are the 2 main cat viruses?

A

FLV

feline panleuocopenia virus

34
Q

how does FLV spread, diagnosed and prevented?

A
  • crosses placenta - resorb or abort
  • Ag test queen, immunofluorescence / PCR on foetus
  • vacc
35
Q

what are the signs of feline panleucopenia virus?

A

repro failure

cerebellar hypoplasia

36
Q

how do you detect virus?

A

virus isolation

PCR

37
Q

how do you detect Ab to virus?

A

foetal fluids

dam serology

38
Q

5 bacteria causing bovine abortion

A 
leptospira hardjo
bacillus licheniformis
salmonella dublin
brucella abortus and melitensis
mycoses - aspergillus
39
Q

what are the signs of leptospira in cattle?

A

abortion
milk loss
infertility
often subclinical

40
Q

how does leptospira spread?

A

urine

infected water

41
Q

how do you diagnose and prevent leptospira?

A
  • paired sera samples
  • microscopic agglutination test
  • vacc
  • reach equilibrium in herd with subclinical disease
42
Q

what are the signs of bacillus licheniformis?

A

abortion

43
Q

how is bacillus licheniformis spread?

A

from the soil

not animal to animal

44
Q

what are the signs of brucella?

A

chronic infection with granulomatus lesions
placentitis
abortion

45
Q

how is brucella spread?

A

wildlife reservoirs
enter by phagocytosis at mucosal surfaces and migrates via lymph to blood
localises in lymph, liver, spleen

46
Q

how do you diagnose brucella abortus?

A

culture intracellularly in eggs / cells

appears red with kosters stain

47
Q

can you vaccinate against brucella?

A

yes

48
Q

what are the signs of aspergillus?

A

placentitis

foetal death

49
Q

how is aspergillus spread?

A

inhaled / ingested fungal spores from mouldy food / fed

gets into macrophages and spreads haematogenously

50
Q

what is seen on the calf with aspergillus?

A

necrotic skin

51
Q

what bacteria can cause bovine infertility?

A

camylobacter fetus subsp venerealis

52
Q

what does campylobacter do to the bull?

A

lifelong asymptomatic infection

lives in mm and prepuce

53
Q

what does campylobacter do to the cow?

A

catarrhal infl of the genital tract
endometritis
embryo dies as cant implant
infertile

54
Q

how is campylobacter spread?

A

venereally

55
Q

how can you diagnose campylobacter?

A

culture / PCR of sheath / vaginal washings or abortion products

56
Q

what 5 bacteria can cause bovine endometritis?

A 
truperella pyogenes
e,coli
streptococci
anaerobes
enterococcus faecalis
57
Q

what are the signs of bovine endometritis?

A

acute / chronic suppurative infection

luteolysis prevented by infl - CL retained and drainage prevented by closed cervix

58
Q

what 2 main bacteria cause sheep abortion?

A

chlamydophila abortus

campylobacter fetus subsp fetus

59
Q

what are the signs seen with chlamydophila in sheep?

A

long term persistent infection
late abortion
future fertility ok

60
Q

how is chlamydophila spread in sheep?

A

infected faeces / birds - venereal or oral

61
Q

how do you diagnose and prevent chlamydophila in sheep?

A

ELISA
PCR
kosters stain red
vaccinate

62
Q

what are the signs of campylobacter in sheep?

A

sporadic abortion due to bacteraemia

63
Q

how is campylobacter spread?

A

faeces

Year 3 repro (12 decks)

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