pig reproduction

Question 1

what is the maternal recognition of pregnancy?

Answer 1

E2 from egg - uterus - stops PG

Question 2

how can you induce farrowing?

Answer 2

PG and oxy

Question 3

weaning to oestrus interval

Answer 3

about 5 d

Question 4

when to inseminate?

Answer 4

about 70 % through oestrus

Question 5

age at first mating

Answer 5

8m

Question 6

average litter

Answer 6

14

Question 7

pre weaning mortality

Answer 7

<10%

Question 8

lactation length

Answer 8

28 d

Question 9

weaning weight

Answer 9

7kg

Question 10

weaning - farrowing interval

Answer 10

120 d

Question 11

average cull age

Answer 11

after 6 litters

Question 12

what size litter do you want to buy your gilts from?

Answer 12

small litter as egg number determined after birth on nutrition

Question 13

8 non infectious causes of abortion

Answer 13

litter factors
genetic
nutrition
toxins
husbandry and management
environment
other - dystocia, old, fat/thin

Question 14

how can the litter size cause abortion?

Answer 14

if under 6 alive pre-ossification (35-40d) then they will be resorbed

Question 15

what percent of aboritons are non infectious?

Answer 15

60-70%

Question 16

what does the size of aborted foetuses tell you about the cause?

Answer 16

if all one size then the uterine environment was affected at one time - stress egg

if all different sizes then infectious

Question 17

what are the signs of PRRS?

Answer 17

immunosupression
repro losses
high pre weaning mortality
severe resp effort in neonates
flu like signs
blue extremeties

Question 18

how can you treat / control PRRS?

Answer 18

• supportive
  -notifiable
  vac but many strains so not always effective

Question 19

what does leptospirosis do?

Answer 19

abortion

repro failure

Question 20

how can you treat for leptospirosis?

Answer 20

treat whole herd at once with streptomycin / tetracyclines

Question 21

how is leptospirosis spread?

Answer 21

rodents
urine
bodies of water
zoonotic

Question 22

what does SMEDI do?

Answer 22

full term litter with small mummies, full grown stillbirth, live weak and small
small litter size

acute episode for 8 w, wanes for 4-6 w then gets lots of mummies

more sows not in pig due to early resorption

Question 23

what does SMEDI stand for?

Answer 23

stillbirth, mummification, embryonic death, infertility

Question 24

what is the main pathogen of SMEDI?

Answer 24

porcine parvovirus - does not cause abortion!

Question 25

how does SMEDI affect different stages of production sows?

Answer 25

if not preg - immune | if preg - SMEDI

Question 26

how can you control SMEDI

Answer 26

vac 8w before service and 2 w before each following one as a booster

Question 27

how can you tell gestation age of aborted foetuses?

Answer 27

21 + (3 x crown rump length)

Question 28

``` how will the piglet be if it peripartum? eyes meconium lungs feet umbilicus organs ```

Answer 28

``` eyes - sunken, blue cornea meconium - stained skin lungs - not inflated feet - cartilagenous slippers on umbilicus - long autolysis organs - variable autolysis ```

Question 29

``` how will the piglet appear if it died intrapartum? eyes meconium lungs feet umbilicus organs ```

Answer 29

``` eyes - bulging meconium - in mouth, nostrils, trahea lungs - not inflated feet - slippers umbilicus - long and wet organs - oedema ```

Question 30

``` how will the piglet appear if it dies post partum? eyes meconium lungs feet umbilicus organs ```

Answer 30

``` eyes - normal meconium - in posterior gut lungs - inflated feet - no slippers umbilicus - short and dry organs - autolysis ```

Question 31

8 causes of piglet mortality

Answer 31

``` crushed sow lame / deaf environment starvation chilling umbilical bleeding CO poisoning congenital abnormalities ```

Question 32

what are the signs and treatment for primary uterine inertia

Answer 32

signs - no straining, dilated, no obstruction treat - assist, oxy, Abx and NSAID if toxaemia allow acclimitisation to farrowing house

Question 33

what are the signs and treatment for secondary uterine inertia?

Answer 33

signs - straining, no effect treat - remove obstruction (foetal or maternal)

Question 34

what do you do with uterine prolapse?

Answer 34

cull and foster

Question 35

what do you do with vaginal prolapse?

Answer 35

replace, suture in | Abx, NSAIDs

Question 36

what do you do with a downer sow

Answer 36

encourage cull improve floor

Question 37

what do you do with hypocalcaemia

Answer 37

ca boroglutanate increase ca in feed suspect if have still births, RFM, uterine inertia

Question 38

what are some causes for non functioning teats?

Answer 38

``` necrosis trauma inverted nipples poor development ergot poisoning poor water supply poor energy levels chronic mastitis ```

Question 39

what can you do if no milk let down?

Answer 39

oxytocin

Question 40

what are the signs of coliform mastitis?

Answer 40

anorexia pyrexia no milk hot and swollen udder

Question 41

what do you do if you have coliform mastitis?

Answer 41

oxy to get sample abx, NSAIDs supplement piglets clip teeth, control flies, clean and dry crates

Question 42

what are the signs of pyogenic mastitis?

Answer 42

single gland is hard and pendulous but not hot milk permenantly lost sow it well strep or staph

Question 43

what do you do with a sow with pyogenic mastitis?

Answer 43

abx or wait for abscess to be walled off | cull sows if too few teats

Question 44

what are the signs of a UTI?

Answer 44

``` sudden death haematoma pyrexia bloody discharge fibrin pus and blood in urine inappetance depression ```

Question 45

what can cause a UTI?

Answer 45

actinobacilus suis form boar

Question 46

what can you do for a UTI?

Answer 46

ineffective once signs seen

Question 47

signs of sow oestrus?

Answer 47

``` sticky discharge red and protruding clitoris restless mouth each other high pitched wind tail flicking poor appetite pricked ears arched back ```

Question 48

target p/s/y

Answer 48

24

Question 49

farrowing rate

Answer 49

87%

Question 50

culling rate

Answer 50

35%