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11 Biology (diversity) > Viruses > Flashcards

Viruses Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what are viruses?

A

intra cellular parasites

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2
Q

what are their living characteristics?

A

they replicate
they have a genome
they have protein
they are alive

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3
Q

when are viruses alive and when do they replicate?

A

only in a living host

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4
Q

what are their nonliving characteristics?

A

no metabolism
no growth
no regular cell components/ organelles

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5
Q

are viruses cells?

A

no

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6
Q

what is a virus’ 2 main components

A

genome and protein coat

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7
Q

what is a genome?

A

RNA or DNA (aka nucleic acid)

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8
Q

what is a protein coat?

A

capsid

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9
Q

which kingdom do viruses fit into?

A

none

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10
Q

how can viruses be classified?

A
  • what organisms they infect
  • what genome they have
  • what general shape they have
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11
Q

what types of viruses are there?

A

DNA

RNA (subgroup- retroviruses)

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12
Q

how large are viruses and how can they be seen?

A

20-400 nanometers; can only be seen in clusters under electroscopes

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13
Q

DNA or RNA virus

genome is double stranded

A

DNA

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14
Q

DNA or RNA virus

mutations are minimal

A

DNA

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15
Q

DNA or RNA virus

it maintains its identity- your immune system will always recognize it

A

DNA

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16
Q

DNA or RNA virus

can carry out the lysogenic cycle

A

DNA

17
Q

what happens to the virus in the lysogenic cycle?

A

the virus remains dormant in the nucleus of the host cell

18
Q

DNA or RNA virus

genome is single stranded

A

RNA

19
Q

DNA or RNA virus

mutation can be a permanent change- your immune system might not recognize the new mutated virus

A

RNA

20
Q

DNA or RNA virus

new antibodies need to be made

A

RNA

21
Q

DNA or RNA virus

cannot carry out lysogenic cycle (does not have DNA)

A

RNA

22
Q

retroviruses

what does reverse transcriptase (enzyme) allow them to do?

A

convert their RNA to DNA

23
Q

retroviruses

as a result of reverse transcriptase, what can the virus now do?

A

carry out the lysogenic cycle

24
Q

retroviruses
because they can mutate and lay dormant within host cells, are they more or less dangerous than DNA and non-retro RNA viruses?

A

more dangerous

25
Q

what do viruses cause?

A

disease

26
Q

how do viruses cause symptoms of disease?

A

destroying host cells

27
Q

what are vaccines used for?

A

preventing viral infections

11 Biology (diversity) (38 decks)

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