cell organelles Flashcards
what organelles are present in only animal cells?
centrosome
cilia
flagella
what organelles are present in only plant cells?
cell wall
central vacuole
plastids (chloroplasts)
cell membrane appearance
fluid-mosaic membrane
cell membrane function
separates the cell interior from the outside world and controls the movement of materials in and out of the cell
cytoplasm appearance
a gel like material consisting mostly of water and contains dissolved materials
cytoplasm function
creates the chemical environment in which other cell structures work
nucleus appearance
surrounded by a double membrane
nucleus function
the command centre of the cell that contains the DNA blueprints for making proteins
nuclear membrane appearance
double membrane surrounding the nucleus
nuclear membrane function
protects the DNA from potential damage
nuclear pores appearance
pores in the nuclear membrane
nuclear pores function
large enough to allow micromolecules to enter and ribosomes to leave the nucleus
nucleolus appearance
a specialized area inside the nucleus
nucleolus function
responsible for producing ribosomes
ribosome appearance
tiny two-part structures found throughout the cytoplasm
ribosome function
helps put together proteins
endoplasmic reticulum appearance
a system of flattened membrane-bound sacs and tubes continuous with the outer membrane of the nuclear envelope that has the 2 types of membrane:
rough ER: studded with ribosomes
smooth ER: no ribosomes
endoplasmic reticulum function
rough ER: synthesizes protein
smooth ER: synthesizes phospholipids and packages macromolecules in vesicles for transport to other parts of the cell
mitochondrion appearance
powerhouse of the cell
mitochondrion function
the powerhouse of the cell where organic molecules, usually carbohydrates, are broken down inside a double membrane to release energy and transfer it to ATP
golgi apparatus (golgi body) appearance
a stack of flattened membrane-bound sacs
golgi apparatus (golgi body) function
receive vesicles from the ER, contain enzymes for modifying proteins and lipids, package finished products into vesicles for transport to the cell membrane (for excretion through exocytosis) and within the cell as lysosomes
lysosome appareance
a membrane-bound vesicle filled with digestive enzymes
lysosome function
can break down worn-out cell components or materials brought into the cell through endocytosis
peroxisome appearance
a membrane-bound vesicle containing enzymes
peroxisome function
break down lipids and toxic waste products (ex. alcohol)
vacuole appearance
a large membrane-bound, fluid-filled sac
vacuole function
temporary storage of food, water, or waste products
cytoskeleton appearance
a network of three kinds of interconnected fibres
cytoskeleton function
maintain cell shape and allow for movement of cell parts:
actin filaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules
centrosome appearance
located near the nucleus
centrosome function
organizes the cell’s microtubules, contains a pair of centrioles, and helps to organize the even distribution of cell components when cells divide
cilia appearance
hairlike structures extending from the cell membrane
cilia function
beat in a coordinated rhythm to produce movement
flagella (sing. flagellum) appearance
long, hairlike projections extending from the cell membrane
flagella (sing. flagellum) function
propels the cell using a whiplike motion
cell wall appearance
rigid structure surrounding cell membrane
cell wall function
protects and supports the cell and allows materials to pass to and from the cell membrane through pores
central vacuole appearance
very large membrane-bound, fluid-filled storage sac
central vacuole function
gives added internal support to a plant cell and contains toxic molecules and storage molecules
plastid (chloroplasts) appearance
stacked internal membrane sacs enclosed with a double membrane
plastid (chloroplasts) function
can perform photosynthesis
