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Magnet Biology > Viruses > Flashcards

Viruses Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Why aren’t viruses considered living?

A
  1. don’t respond to stimuli
  2. do not consist of cells
  3. no homeostasis
  4. no metabolism
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2
Q

Are viruses cellular or non cellular?

A

non cellular

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3
Q

Name the 2 things that make up a virus

A

capsid, fiber proteins

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4
Q

Is a virus or cell smaller?

A

a virus is smaller than a cell

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5
Q

How do viruses reproduce

A

lytic cycle/lysogenic

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6
Q

What protective covering is around the capsid of some viruses?

A

envelope

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7
Q

Outside of host cells, viruses are ________

A

dormant

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8
Q

Do viruses have ribosomes like cells?

A

no

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9
Q

Do viruses have enzymes like cells?

A

yes

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10
Q

Viruses use the ____, ____, and ____ of its host cells to be able to reproduce

A

mRNA, rRna, and tRna

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11
Q

Name a type of cancer thought to be caused by viruses.

A

HPV

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12
Q

What virus cause blisters that may appear around the mouth

A

herpes

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13
Q

What virus is responsible for the common cold?

A

influenza, rhinoviruses

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14
Q

What virus causes warts?

A

HPV

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15
Q

what is a bacteriophage?

A

a virus that parasitizes a bacterium by infecting it and reproducing inside it

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16
Q

What is the only part of the bacteria that actually enters the host cell of a bacterium?

A

Capsid

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17
Q

What nucleic acid do retroviruses contain?

A

RNA

18
Q

What enzyme to retroviruses contain that let them make DNA from RNA?

A

RNA-dependent DNA polymerase

19
Q

What 2 things do retroviruses inject into their host cell when they attack them?

A

RNA and Reverse-transcriptase

20
Q

Give an example of a retrovirus

A

HIV

21
Q

What is a viroid?

A

small circular RNA molecules

without a protein coat

22
Q

Prions are infectious pieces of _________.

A

PrP (a protein)

23
Q

How do prions occur?

A

Most cases of prion disease arise spontaneously. More rarely prion disease is inherited due to a faulty gene, or acquired by medical procedures, transfusions, or contaminated food.

24
Q

What happens when prions get into the brain?

A

causes “holes” in the brain (cause neurons to rapidly degenerate)

25
Q

Viruses are host specific. What does this mean?

A

A host specific virus is one which can affect only one kind of host.

26
Q

Do the viruses that attack most animals also attack most humans?

A

no

27
Q

What is meant by cell lysis?

A

Cell lysis is a common outcome of viral infection. It consists of a disruption of cellular membranes, leading to cell death and the release of cytoplasmic compounds in the extracellular space.

28
Q

What are latent viruses?

A

dormant

29
Q

How long can latent viruses remain inactive?

A

years

30
Q

What activates latent viruses?

A

an external signal

31
Q

Example of latent virus?

A

Herpes Virus

32
Q

During the lysogenic cycle of a virus, what happens to the viral nucleic acid after it is injected into the host cell?

A

Viral acids form a circle in the center of the cell. The cell then mistakenly copies the viral acids instead of its own nucleic acids. Then the viral DNA organize themselves as viruses inside the cell. When the number of viruses inside becomes too much for the cell to hold, the membrane splits and the viruses are free to infect other cells.

33
Q

What is a prophage?

A

the genetic material of a bacteriophage

34
Q

What causes the phage or viral DNA to start replicating?

A

????

35
Q

Viral DNA along with the cell DNA is replicated during each ______ _______

A

binary fission

36
Q

One a prophage is active, the host cell is ____ making the virus deadly (or _____)

A

infected;virulent

37
Q

Genital herpes is called ________ ____ _

A

Herpes type 1

38
Q

Oral herpes is called _______ _____ _

A

Herpes Type 2

39
Q

How long does the herpes infection last?

A

lifetime

40
Q

Viruses make us sick because they _____ healthy hosts.

A

destroy

41
Q

Do antibiotics “kill” a virus?

A

no

42
Q

Besides our own immune systems, what can be done to prevent getting some viruses?

A

vaccines, safe sex, sanitation

Magnet Biology (29 decks)

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