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Magnet Biology > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

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1
Q

rough ER

A

a system of membranes that possesses ribosomes
connected to nuclear envelope-maze
make protein and cell membrane

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2
Q

Microfilaments

A

thinnest, made of protein, help cells change shape

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3
Q

Intermediate fibers

A

Varied,rope-like, tension bearing

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4
Q

nucleus

A

controls all functioning in the cell
contains hereditary info
contains nucleolus

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5
Q

ribosome

A

carries out protein synthesis and interprets RNA code

can be attatched to ER or float

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6
Q

cell wall

A

ONLY IN PLANT CELLS
Made from cellulose
provides protection

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7
Q

Smooth ER

A
  • NO RIBOSOMES
  • lipid synthesis
  • detoxifies harmful substances
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8
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A
  • center of “manufacturing, processing, and shipping.”

- modifies proteins are moved into their destinations

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9
Q

Lysosomes

A

Small organelle with enzymes to help with digestion
Important in phagocytosis
“debris removal”

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10
Q

Vacuoles

A

sacs for temporary storage

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11
Q

contactile vacuole

A

pumps out excess water in single cell aquatic organsims

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12
Q

central vacuole

A

found in plants for water storage

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13
Q

Mitochondria

A
  • release energy from stored food (cellular respiration)
  • ATP made here
  • Energy released by the mitochondria is used for growth, -movements, and development
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14
Q

Centrioles

A
  • ANIMAL CELLS ONLY

- made of microtubules and used in cell devision

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15
Q

Peroxisomes

A
  • contains enzymes

- can generate and degrade H2O2 to protect a cell from toxic effects

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16
Q

cytoskeleton

A
  • made up of microfilaments, intermediate fibers, microtubules
  • extension of plasma membrane
  • identical in structure to a centriole
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17
Q

cytoskeleton

A

made up of microfilaments, intermediate fibers, microtubules
extension of plasma membrane
identical in structure to a centriole

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18
Q

________ is before DNA coils and is usually long fibers of DNA

A

chromatin

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19
Q

What would happen to the volume of a cell if it couldn’t reproduce?

A

the volume would grow faster than the surface area

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20
Q

What would happen to the volume of a cell if it couldn’t reproduce?

A

the volume would grow faster than the surface area

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21
Q

Scanning Microscope (SEM)

A
  • sample not cut

- can view live samples/3D images

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22
Q

Transmission

A
  • sample needs to be cut very thin so electrons can go through it
  • generally samples are not alive
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23
Q

Cell Junctions: Plant Cells

A

Plasmodesmata:

tiny gaps that allow things to enter and leave

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24
Q

Cell Junctions: Animal Cells

Tight Junctions

A

when you don’t want anything to pass

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25
Q

Cell Junctions: Animal Cells

Anchoring Junctions

A

acts as velcro

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26
Q

Cell Junctions: Animal Cells

Gap Junctions

A

when you want things to pass through

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27
Q

Enyzmes are ________

A

proteins

28
Q

How do enzymes help with reactions?

A

they lower the activation energy required to start a reaction

29
Q

Enzymes are made up of what?

A

substrate, active site, competitive inhibitor

30
Q

what is a substrate?

A

substance that is acted upon by an enzyme

31
Q

what is an active site?

A

where the substrate bonds and the reaction occures

32
Q

competitive inhibitor

A

“fights” the substrate and “wins” and goes into the active site

33
Q

Noncompetitive inhibitor

A
  • goes in from the “other side” and changes the shape of the active site
  • more permanent that a competitive inhibitor
34
Q

allosteric site

A

place where the noncompetitive inhibitor goes

35
Q

enzymes need what to work?

A

coenzyme or cofactor

36
Q

enzymes need what to work?

A

coenzyme or cofactor

37
Q

Cell Theory

A

1: All living things are made up of cells
2. Cells are the basic unit of life
3. All cells come from preexisting cells

38
Q

Passive Transport goes from [ ] to [ ] concentration

A

high to low

39
Q

Is ATP required in Passive Transport?

A

no

40
Q

Examples of Passive Transport

A

diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis

41
Q

Examples of Active Transport

A

endocytosis, phagocytosis, pinocytosis

42
Q

Active Transport goes from [ ] to [ ] concentration

A

low to high

43
Q

Active Transport goes from [ ] to [ ] concentration

A

low to high

44
Q

Definition of osmosis

A

diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane

45
Q

Hypertonic

A
  • lower concentration of water outside of the cell

- water moves out of the cell –> cell will shrivel up

46
Q

Hypotonic

A
  • higher concentration of water inside the cell
  • water movies into the cell–> cell will swell/burst
  • if in a plant cell: plasmolysis
47
Q

Isotonic

A
  • water concentration is the same inside and outside

- no net movement of water

48
Q

Simple diffusion

A

the tendency of molecules of any substance to spread out into space

49
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A
  • uses transport proteins
  • requires no energy
  • objects move from high to low
50
Q

Active Transport: Endocytosis

A

cells take in material by forming vesicles from the plasma membrane

51
Q

Exocytosis

A

cell secrete macromolecules for fusion of vesicles

52
Q

Types of endocytosis:

Phagocytosis

A

engulfs solid

53
Q

Types of endocytosis:

Receptor mediated

A
  • highly specific

- receptor proteins on the cell membrane pick up particular molecules from surrounding

54
Q

Types of endocytosis:

Receptor mediated

A
  • highly specific

- receptor proteins on the cell membrane pick up particular molecules from surrounding

55
Q

ADP stands for _______ __ _________

A

adenine di phosphate

56
Q

ADP stands for _______ __ _________

A

adenine di phosphate

57
Q

how does ATP work?

A

the phosphate in ATP holds energy from burning glucose

58
Q

ADP grabs ______ and becomes ATP

A

energy

59
Q

when you burn sugar you make ___

A

ATP

60
Q

endergonic reaction

A

gains energy

61
Q

exergonic reaction

A

loses energy

62
Q

Glycoproteins

A

compound where a portein and carbohydrate are bonded together

63
Q

Glycolipid

A

lipid attached to short carbohydrate chain

64
Q

cellular respiration is an __________ reaction

A

endergonic

65
Q

photsynthesis is an __________ reaction

A

exergonic reaction

Magnet Biology (29 decks)

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