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Magnet Biology > Evolution > Flashcards

Evolution Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Oparin and Haldane

A

suggested first organic molecules came from early atmospheric gases

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2
Q

Miller and Urey

A

confirmed Oparin and Haldan’es theory

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3
Q

dating of fossils: relative

A

layers of strata

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4
Q

dating of fossils: absolute

A

radiometric dating

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5
Q

Precrambrian era

A

90% of Earth’s history

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6
Q

We are in which era?

A

Cenozoic era

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7
Q

Spontaneous generation

A

life from nonllife

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8
Q

Theory of biogensis

A

life from life

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9
Q

Endosymbotic theory

A

prokaryotes engulfed other prokaryotes to form eukaryotes

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10
Q

a population of organisms can change over generations if individuals having certain heritable traits leave more offspring than others

A

Natural Selection

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11
Q

trait shaped by natural selection that increases an organism’s reproductive success

A

Adaptation

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12
Q

change in the genetic composition of a population over time

A

Evolution

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13
Q

Microevolution

A

pertains to evolutionary change within a population

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14
Q

Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

A

population that is not changing genetically

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15
Q

Assumptions under Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (there are 5)

A
  1. population is large
  2. mating is random
  3. no migration
  4. mutations can be ignored
  5. Natural selection is not acting on the population
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16
Q

Genetic drift

A

change in the gene pool of small population due to chance

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17
Q

Gene flow

A

gain or loss of alleles due to immigration or emigration

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18
Q

Non random mating

A

certain individuals are preferred by the opposite sex

19
Q

Types of genetic drift:

Bottleneck effect

A

a change in a populations allele frequencies due to a substantial reduction in a population size
ex-earthquake

20
Q

Types of genetic drift:

Founder effect

A

Colonization of a new location by a small number of individuals and the random change that occurs in a small colony
ex-amish

21
Q

Polymorphism: morph

A

2 or more contrasting phenotypic alleles for a trait

ex: king snake; blood type

22
Q

Polymorphism: cline

A

graded change in inherited traits in geographic continuum

23
Q

Heterozygote advantage

A

promotes variability and larger gene pool

24
Q

Endangered species

A

generally, low variability

25
Q

Neutral variability

A

No apparent selective advantage for reproductive success; not subject to natural selection

26
Q

Types of natural selection: stabilizing-

A

favors intermediate variants

27
Q

Types of natural selection: directional-

A

shifts the phenotype frequency in one direction or another. Acts as one phenotypic extreme. Common during environmental change
Ex-peppered moths

28
Q

Types of natural selection: diversifying-

A

favors both extremes over intermediates

29
Q

speciation

A

change of a species over time into another

30
Q

macroevolution

A

evolutionary change at or above the level of species

31
Q

Prezygotic isolating mchanisms

A

prevent reproductive techniques

32
Q

Habitat isolation

A

one on land, other on water

33
Q

Behavioral isolation

A

different mating songs

34
Q

Mechanical isolation

A

sex organs are incompatible

35
Q

temporal isolation

A

species reproduce during different seasons or times of day

36
Q

Postzygotic

A

fertilization has occurred but hybrid offspring can’t reproduce

37
Q

Divergent evolution

A

formation of a new species from new habitat

38
Q

Convergant evolution

A

2 unrelated species in similar niches but geographically far apart, having similar adaptations

39
Q

Homologous structure

A

our arm vs bat arm

40
Q

Analogous structure

A

bee vs bird wing

41
Q

Coevolution

A

Mutualistic relationship between 2 species

ex-flower and pollinator

42
Q

Rate of speciation

A

most evolution proceeds slowly but sometimes a dramatic event occurs

43
Q

gradualism

A

slow change

44
Q

punctuated equilibrium

A

dramatic event that causes change

Magnet Biology (29 decks)

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