Viruses Flashcards
What are the 5 types of pathogens?
- Bacteria
- Virus
- Parasites
- Protozoa
- Fungi
What are the vairous methods that infectious pathogens are excreted?
- Faeces
- Urine
- Vomit
- Nasal discharge
- Ocular discharge
- Saliva
- Gential discharge
- Fluid from skin lesions
- Blood
- Milk
- Deceased animals (Spores)
What is indirect contact?
2 or more animals coming into contact with the same inanimate object
Remember… that pathogens can remain viable in the environment for long periods of time
Love dark + damp enviroments!
What is an example of in-direct contact?
- Aerosol transmission
- Contaminated food + water
- Carrier animals
Remember… usually this needs to be within a certain time frame
What is direct contact?
Direct - Animal to animal contact
What is an example of direct contact?
- Touching
- Fighting
- Sniffing (Usually)
- Grooming
What usually kills directly-contacted infectious diseases?
(As a general rule)
- Light
- Heat
- Disinfection
They are also termed as ‘fragile’
Think about - not being commplicated enough to transmit through difficult means of transportation - can only stay in one place…
What usually kills In-directly-contacted infectious diseases?
Difficult to kill with disinfection
Some can spend a period of it’s life cycle out-with Host (In a Vector)
What are the 2 routes of transmission?
- Horizontal
+ - Vertical
What is meant by ‘horizontal’ transmission?
Moving across to another host of a similar species
Like carrier animals..
What is meant by ‘vertical’ transmission?
Transplacental
(From mother, across placenta and to fetus)
‘In utero’
What is a direct form of horizontal transmission?
- Airborne
- Food-borne
Short-distances
What is a In-direct form of horizontal transmission?
- Fomites
- Paratenic
- Airborne
- Contaminated food
- Contaminated enviroment
Larger-distances
Paratenic = an optional host, usually used for larvae enters - passively - ingested via food
What 2 diseases in dogs + cats show no clinical signs?
(1 is cat)
(1 is cat + dog)
- Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP or known as ‘Feline Corona Virus’)
- Toxoplasma Gondii (Toxoplasma)
Remember… Toxoplasma Gondii is a protozoa!!
What is a carrier animal?
An animal that has recieved pathogenic microbes from another animal
+
It has not been able to over-come immunity defences
What is a convalescent carrier?
A carrier that has contract the disease previously
+
And has over-come & recovered from the infection
Can also may have not completely got rid of the organism
If it hasn’t gotten rid of properly, can be long-term or for life!
(Think of the herpes virus for humans - ulcers!)
What is meant by a healthy carrier?
An animal/carrier whom is not displaying any clincial signs of infection - Asymptomatic!
But has been EXPOSED to the disease.
Immune system has prevented clinical signs but does not mean it is not infected!!
Example: Vaccinated animals (can become)
Name the 6 things that makes potential hosts susceptible to infection?
- Age
- Body condition
- Vaccination status
- Presence of wounds
- Ability of immune response
- WBC activity
A carrier animal cannot harbour a disease.
True or False?
False.
They can, but hopefully will excrete it eventually!
What affects the time that a pathogenic organism is excreted from a carrier animal?
Depends on the disease/pathogenic organism!
Define the term ‘Localised infection’
+
What are the usual clinical signs?
An infection which is located to a specific area
+
Usually presents with abcesses
& small infected wounds
S…
What does a Systemic infection usually result in?
Sepsis!!
Remember… throughout whole body!
Define the term ‘Intubation time’.
The time taken between recieving the disease
+
presenting clinical signs
What is an Continous excretor?
An animal which continously excrete the infectious agent + can infect others at any time
Easier to identify than Intermittent shedders!
