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Infection Control Yr1 > Practical Exam > Flashcards

Practical Exam Flashcards

1
Q

If you were asked to create a dilution ratio of 1:100 Anigene disinfectant to Water, state what that would be..

A

1ml = Anigene
to every
100ml = water

So if you were asked to make a 1:100 of Anigene to water, out of 200mls
= 2ml Anigene : 200ml Water

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2
Q

If you were asked to create a dilution ratio of 1:20 Anigene disinfectant to Water, state what that would be..

A

1ml = Anigene
to every
20ml = water

So if you were asked to make a 1:20 of Anigene to water, out of 40mls
= 2ml Anigene : 40ml Water

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3
Q

Whats the difference between Instrument cleaner + Instrument disinfectant?

A

Instrument cleaner = For cleaning instruments
+
Instrument disinfectant = For disinfecting instruments

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4
Q

How often should the reception area be cleaned?

A
  • When clients are present
  • Hourly - for hand-touching sites, if possible
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5
Q

State the many areas, objects and equipment which should be cleaned within reception?

A
  • Front desk
  • Computer keyboards
  • Phone + pens
  • Door handles/push plates
  • Hand gel pump-action
  • Dog scales
  • Taps
  • Toilet facilites
  • Floor
  • Chairs
  • Phones

Anything + everything!

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6
Q

How many times a day should the floor be cleaned + disinfected?

A

Twice - as a minimum

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7
Q

How often should consultation rooms be cleaned?

A

After each consult

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8
Q

How should you clean consult rooms between appointments?

A
  1. Remove any visable organic matter or soiling from all surfaces
  2. Place organic matter in the appropriate waste bins - i.e. blood in clinical waste bin
  3. Wipe everything down with an Anigene wipe or cloth + solution and leave for a contact time for 5 mins
  4. Dry with disposable towels
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9
Q

Every day, what 4 groups of items should be damp-dusted with a disinfectant?

A
  1. All horizontal surfaces
  2. Lights
  3. Furniture
  4. Equipment
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10
Q

What are the 4 properties that a suitable disinfectant should provide, for cleaning theatre?

A
  1. Bactericidal
  2. Fungicidal
  3. Sporicidal
  4. Virucidial
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11
Q

What 3 items of PPE should you wear when handling disinfectant chemical solutions?

A

Disposable:
1. Apron
1. Gloves
1. Mask

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12
Q

How should you clean a resevoir bag after every patient?

A

Spray the interior of the reservoir bag with 1 per cent chlorhexidine
+
Rinse through with water

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13
Q

What species are allergic to the type of disinfectant, known as Phenols?

A

Cats

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14
Q

Why are cats allergic to phenols?

A

Cats lack an essential enzyme in their liver and as such have difficulty metabolizing and eliminating certain toxins like essential oils.
They are very sensitive to phenols and phenolic compounds, which can be found in some essential oils.

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15
Q

What does phenols do to cats?

A

Overexposure to phenols can cause neurological conditions, liver failure and even death.

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16
Q

Explain the steps taken to prepare the theatre for the next patient

(After patient has been safely removed and passed on to the recovery nurse)

A
  1. If not already, put on PPE (Apron + gloves - as minimum).
  2. Remove all gross soiled/organic matter and into clinical waste + empty the kick bucket into the anatomical waste in the freezer + dispose of any disposable items (thermometer covers etc).
  3. Remove all dirty surgical instruments + endotracheal tubes (inflate 1/2 full), run them under cold water to prevent coagulation of organic matter (blood).
  4. Make up an Instrument enzymatic cleaning solution, according to the manafactures guidelines, open the instruments out and submerge the instruments and leave for the desired contact time (Usually around 10 mins) to disintergate organic matter - whilst the rest of theatre can be cleaned.
  5. Remove all resuable items, such as material drapes +/or vetbeds and put in the surgical suite laundry basket to be seperately washed at 70 degrees celsius.
  6. Dismantle all equipment, like resevoir bags and anaesthetic circuits etc. Spray the interior of the reservoir bag with 1% chlorhexidine + rinse through with water.
  7. Wipe down all surfaces with a lint-free cloth (J-cloth), anaesthetic equipment, operating table and other equipment that has been used during surgery with either an disinfectant solution or anigene wipes + dispose in clinical waste.
  8. Leave for minimum contact time and dry everything down with disposable paper towels.
  9. Reposition the operating table + re-place with clean heat pads and vetbed (trough if needed).
  10. Restock and replace reusable items with sterile ones + bring through next set of equipment (Instruments, drapes etc) for the next patient.
  11. Quickly remove any visably soiled areas of the floor, then briefly sweep + mop the floor with a disinfectant solution, leave for the minimum amount of contact time, to dry ahead of the next patient.
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17
Q

Name the term used to describe folding a gown?

A

Concertina

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18
Q

What side of the gown is deemed sterile?

A

The front/outside

19
Q

Should the outside or inside of the gown be facing the front, when you open it, from the sterile pack?

A

The inside

20
Q

How many folds should a gown be concertinaed?
+
Why?

A

3
+
To allow sufficent penetration of steam, from the autoclave

21
Q

What are the 2 forms of drapes you can get?

A
  1. Plain
  2. Fenestrated
22
Q

What 2 types of drapes can you get?

A
  1. Resuable (Material)
  2. Disposable (Often paper-like material)
23
Q

What temperature of water should you use to rinse the organic matter off of dirty instruments?

A

Use tepid water rather than very hot or very cold water

24
Q

Why should you avoid detergents with a high pH, when cleaning instruments?

A

Because detergents with a high pH may cause damage.

25
Q

How do high pH deteregents damage surgical instruments?

A

It can harm an instrument’s protective chromium oxide coating.
Once that layer is broken down, the stage is set for corrosion to begin.

26
Q

What 3 cleaning aids/equipment can you use for cleaning endotracheal tubes?

A
  1. Soft-bristled brush
  2. Pipe cleaner (Lumen)
  3. Cuff inflator (Empty syringe)
27
Q
A
28
Q

When draping a patient, where should you place the 1st drape?

A

On the VS’s side
+
Inbetween the patient + the VS

Basically L or R side, whatever side the VS is standing

29
Q

When draping a patient, what order should you place the 4 drapes?

A
  1. On the VS’s side/between the patient + the VS
  2. The opposite side of the VS
  3. The cranial end
  4. The caudal end

& clamp with towel clamps!

30
Q

What is meant by “aseptic technique”?

A

A manner of steps taken to prevent contact with micro-organisms, in a sterile fashion.

31
Q

What is the term used to describe the presence of pathogens or their toxic products in the blood or tissues of the patient?

A

Sepsis
(commonly known as infection).

32
Q

Describe the difference between asepsis and sterilisation.

A

Asepsis means the complete exclusion of all micro-organisms and spores.

Sterilization refers to any process that removes, kills, or deactivates all forms of life (particularly microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria, spores etc - to prevent sepsis.

33
Q

What is the difference between disinfection and sterilisation?

A

Disinfection = removal of micro-organisms but not necessarily spores.

Sterilisation = destruction of ALL micro-organisms including spores.

34
Q

What are the 2 main types of sterilisation?

A
  1. Cold sterilisation.
  2. Heat sterilisation
35
Q

What is the main disadvantage of spore strips?

A

They do not provide an immediate indication of sterility since they must be incubated for 72 hours following the completion of the sterilisation cycle.

36
Q

List 6 materials/containers used for the packing of supplies for sterilisation

A
  1. Nylon film
  2. Seal & peel pouches (made of paper and plastic)
  3. Paper
  4. Linen sheets
  5. Metal drums
  6. Cardboard boxes/cartons
37
Q

How should sterile packs be stored?

A
  • In a dry, dust free environment with good ventilation (ideally within a closed cupboard)
  • Labelled with the date of sterilisation and the initials of the nurse who did the sterilising
  • Packed loosely on shelves and handled as little as possible to minimise the risk of damage to the bags
  • Checked regularly for perforation of the packaging and the date of sterilisation (unused packs should be resterilised every 6-8 weeks).
38
Q

What should you do to gowns before you package them up for sterilisation in the autoclave?

A

Use a lint-roller to get as much material debris off as possible

39
Q

Why is it important to use the appropriately sized autoclave pouch for each instrument that requires to be sterilised?

A
  • Too smaller bag will increase the chance of the instruments penertrating the bag + rendering the contents un-sterile
  • Because it is a waste of money for the practice if it gets damaged
  • Time waisting - as if sterility is broken, it will need re-sterilised + potentially delay surgery
  • Too bigger pouch or even too small a pouches (for kits) will not allow the contents to be sterilised efficiently
40
Q

What type of tape can you use to secure kits that are packaged within a drape?

A

Bowie-Dick tape

41
Q

What are the 4 things you must write on an autoclave pouch (using a waterproof marker), once all the contents is purged from air + sealed properly?

A
  1. Date of sterilisation
  2. Date of expiry (3 months from the date of sterilization)
  3. Contents of the package/kit (EG cat spay kit)
  4. Your initials
42
Q

State the steps needed to prepare resuable gowns for autoclaving

A
  1. Select the appropriate gown
  2. Ensure that you have a clean, flat and dry surface upon which to work.
  3. Lay out the gown or drape and inspect for any evidence of dirt.
    If blood is found, the item should be scrubbed thoroughly in tepid water and relaundered since protein based stains will decrease the efficiency of sterilisation.
  4. Remove any animal hairs or fluff with a lint roller.
  5. Fold with the gown lying on the table with the inside surface facing down, lay flat
  6. Fold in sleeves + ensure ties are tucked in
  7. Fold in half lengthways, and again in half lengthways
  8. Fold the top and bottom edges to the middle
    4.Tthen fold in half
  9. The gown is then ready to be picked up by the inside of the collar
43
Q

State the steps needed to prepare resuable drapes for autoclaving

A

ii) Drapes - lay out flat, concertina widthways and then lengthways.
Select suitable packing material appropriate for the type of sterilisation employed.
Select a suitable method of sterilisation indication appropriate for the type of sterilisation employed.
Carefully package up your gown/drapes.
Check the package for any sign of damage.
Label clearly with waterproof marker the date of sterilisation, contents of the package (eg. cat spay kit) and your initials

Infection Control Yr1 (21 decks)

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