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Infection Control Yr1 > Bacteria > Flashcards

Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q
A
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2
Q

What is the acronym for Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius?

A

MRSP

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3
Q

What is the infectious agent for MRSP?

A

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius

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4
Q

What type of pathogenic organism is MRSP?

A

Bacteria - superbug

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5
Q

What are the 2 other terms used to define a ‘superbug’?

A

Nosocomial infection
or
HAI (Hospital Aquired Infection)

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6
Q

What are the 3 resevoirs for MRSP?

A
  • Canines
  • Felines
  • Humans
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7
Q

What is the mode of transmission for MRSP?

A

Direct contact with contaminated:
* Respiratory systems
* Fomites
* Surfaces

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8
Q

What is the portal of entry for MRSP?

A
  • Wound sites
  • Contaminated urine
  • IV Catheters
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9
Q

Who are the susceptible hosts for MRSP?

A
  • Canines
  • Felines
  • Humans (less common)

Zoonotic!

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10
Q

What is the portal of exit for MRSP?

A
  • Respiratory secretions
    +
  • aerosolised particles
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11
Q

What is the effect of MRSP on the host?

A

Infections of the:
* Skin
* Ear
* Wound + surgical sites infections
* Respiratory infections

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12
Q

What is the acronym for Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus?

A

MRSA

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13
Q

What type of pathogenic organism is MRSA?

A

Bacteria - superbug/HAI

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14
Q

What is the infectious agent for MRSA?

A

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus

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15
Q

What is the resevoir for MRSA?

A

Human

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16
Q

What is the mode of transmission for MRSA?

A

Direct contact:
* Open sores + wounds
* Contaminated surfaces

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17
Q

What is the portal of entry for MRSA?

A
  • Open wounds
  • Surgical Incisions
  • Sores
  • Urinary tract
  • IV catheters
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18
Q

Who are the susceptible hosts for MRSA?

A
  • Humans
  • Elderly
  • Young
  • Old
  • Immunocomprimised

Zoonotic!

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19
Q

What is the portal of exit for MRSA?

A

Open sores + wounds

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20
Q

What is the effect of MRSA on the host?

A
  • Skin infections
    leading to > respiratory + urinary infections
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21
Q

What is the acronym for Bordetella Bronchiseptica?

A

Kennel Cough!
(KC)

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22
Q

What type of pathogenic organism is Bordetella Bronchiseptica?

A

Bacteria - gram-negative coccobacillus

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23
Q

What is the infectious agent for Kennel Cough?

A

Bordetella Bronchiseptica:
* B Pertussis
* B parapertussius

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24
Q

What are the 3 resevoirs for KC?

A
  • Dogs
  • Cats
  • Rabbits
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25
What is the mode of transmission for KC?
Direct contact: * Dogs touching noses Indirect contact: * Droplets * Areosolised particles from sneezing + coughing
26
What is the portal of entry for KC?
Inhaled (Into the respiratory tract + into the body)
27
Who are the susceptible hosts for KC?
* Canines * Felines * Rabbits
28
What is the portal of exit for KC?
Via respiratory tract + respiratory secretions
29
What is the effect of KC on the host?
* Hacking cough * Sneezing * Forthy white phelgm * Coughing sounds like something is stuck in the throat * Difficulty breathing
30
What is the acronym for Leptospira Icterohaemorrhagiae + Leptospira Canicola?
Lepto
31
What type of pathogenic organisms are Leptospira Icterohaemorrhagiae + Leptospira Canicola?
Bacteria - spirochete
32
What are the infectious agents for Lepto?
Leptospira Icterohaemorrhagiae + Leptospira Canicola
33
What are the resevoirs for Lepto?
Main resevior - Rodents * Dogs + * Cattle * Pigs * Horses
34
What is the mode of transmission for Lepto?
Both direct + in-direct contact Direct contact, with infectious + contaminated: * Tissues * Organs * Urine * Bodily fluids In-direct contact, with contaminated: * Water * Soil * Food
35
What is the portal of entry for Lepto?
Surfaces of: * MM's * Conjunctival * Oral * Genital + * Cuts + abrasions
36
Who are the susceptible hosts for Lepto?
* Human * Cattle * Dogs * Cats | Zoonotic!
37
What is the portal of exit for Lepto?
Urine
38
What is the effect of Lepto on the host?
* Jaundice * Fever * V+ * Abdominal pain * Severe muscle pain
39
What is the acronym for Escherichia-coli?
E-coli
40
What type of pathogenic organism is Escherichia-coli?
Bacteria - gram-negative bacillus
41
What is the infectious agent for E-coli?
Escherichia-coli 'Shiga toxin-producing E-Coli' (STEC)
42
What is the resevoir for E-Coli?
Grass-feeding animals (Cattle etc)
43
What is the mode of transmission for E-Coli?
In-direct contact: * Consumption of contaminated foods + water Example: * Grass-fed animals, ingesting the bacteria, whilst grazing on contaminated grass
44
What is the portal of entry for E-Coli?
Ingestion Consuming contaminated: * Food * Water
45
Who are the susceptible hosts for E-Coli?
* Humans * Dogs * Cats * Birds * Cattle * Pigs * Horses ## Footnote Zoonotic!
46
What is the portal of exit for E-Coli?
Gastrointestinal tract - faeces
47
What is the effect of E-Coli on the host?
* V+ * Nausea * Abdominal cramps * Hematochezia (+ watery) * Pyrexia
48
What is the acronym for Salmonella?
Salmonella or Salmonellosis
49
What type of pathogenic organism is Salmonella?
Bacteria - gram negative rods genus
50
What is the infectious agent for Salmonella?
Salmonella spp or Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium
51
What are the 2 resevoirs for Salmonella?
Poultry + Livestock
52
What is the mode of transmission for Salmonella?
Direct + Indirect. Direct: Contact with contaminated: * Animal or human * Faeces * Food Indirect: * Contact with environments where animals live and roam * Consumption of food/drink prepared in contaminated environments
53
What is the portal of entry for Salmonella?
Direct: * Ingestion * Fecal * Oral * Eating contaminated food * Drinking contaminated fluids Indirect: Contact with contaminated: * Fomites * Surfaces * Acccidental ingestion
54
Who are the susceptible hosts for Salmonella?
* Humans * Poultry * Livestock * Rodents * Amphibians * Small mammals * Farm mammals ## Footnote Zoonotic!
55
What is the portal of exit for Salmonella?
Gastrointestinal tract - faeces
56
What is the effect of Salmonella on the host?
* V+ * D+ * Pyrexia * Anorexia * Decreased activity level
57
What is the acronym for Campylobacter Jejuni? ## Footnote Also known as.. the 'human diarrheal pathogen'
* Campylobacter * Campylobacteriosis
58
What type of pathogenic organism is Campylobacter Jejuni?
Bacteria - gut
59
What is the infectious agent for Campylobacter?
* C jejuni jejuni * C coli * C upsaliensis * C helveticus
60
What are the resevoirs for Campylobacter?
* Dogs * Cats * Chickens + other poultry * Farm animals
61
What is the mode of transmission for Campylobacter?
Direct + Indirect. Indirect contact: * Consumption of raw or undercooked poultry or * Consumption of something that has touched it Direct contact: With infected.. * Animals * Humans * Faeces * Drinking untreated water
62
What is the portal of entry for Campylobacter?
Ingestion: * Faecal * Oral
63
Who are the susceptible hosts for Campylobacter?
* Humans * Dogs * Cats * Poultry * Farm animals ## Footnote Zoonotic!
64
What is the portal of exit for Campylobacter?
Faeces
65
What is the effect of Campylobacter on the host?
* Recurrent watery/mucoid D+ * Tenesmus * Abdominal cramps + pain * Lethargy * Pyrexia
66
What is the acronym for Clostridium tetani?
* C. tetani or * Tetanus * Lockjaw ## Footnote People often call tetanus “lockjaw” because one of the most common signs of this infection is tightening of the jaw muscles
67
What type of pathogenic organism is Clostridium tetani?
Bacteria - spore-forming, gram-positive, slender, anaerobic rod
68
What is the infectious agent for C.tetani?
Clostridium tetani
69
What are the 3 resevoirs for C.tetani?
Contaminated environment: * Soil * Animals + humans carry bacilli in their intestines!
70
What is the mode of transmission for C.tetani?
In-direct contact. In-direct: Spores from.. * Soil * Faeces or contaminated.. * Wounds * Abrasions ## Footnote Not from human to human.
71
What are the 3 portals of entry for C.tetani?
* Puncture wounds * Lacerations * Burns
72
Who are the 4 susceptible hosts for C.tetani?
* Humans * Horses * Dogs * Cats ## Footnote Zoonotic!
73
What is the portal of exit for C.tetani?
Gastrointestinal tract - faeces
74
What is the effect of C.tetani on the host?
A history of: * Wounds (Typically within a period of 4 weeks) * Lameness * Stiffness * Colic (Systemic) Can progress quickly to... * Abnormal gait * Trembling * Muscle spasms * Inability to open the mouth (Lockjaw)
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76
Bacteria that are spehericial in shape and arranged in groups are known as: 1. Bacilli 2. Spirochaetes 3. Staphylococci 4. Streptococci
Streptococci
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Infection Control Yr1 (21 decks)

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