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Infection Control Yr1 > Bacteria > Flashcards

Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q
A
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2
Q

What is the acronym for Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius?

A

MRSP

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3
Q

What is the infectious agent for MRSP?

A

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius

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4
Q

What type of pathogenic organism is MRSP?

A

Bacteria - superbug

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5
Q

What are the 2 other terms used to define a ‘superbug’?

A

Nosocomial infection
or
HAI (Hospital Aquired Infection)

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6
Q

What are the 3 resevoirs for MRSP?

A
  • Canines
  • Felines
  • Humans
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7
Q

What is the mode of transmission for MRSP?

A

Direct contact with contaminated:
* Respiratory systems
* Fomites
* Surfaces

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8
Q

What is the portal of entry for MRSP?

A
  • Wound sites
  • Contaminated urine
  • IV Catheters
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9
Q

Who are the susceptible hosts for MRSP?

A
  • Canines
  • Felines
  • Humans (less common)

Zoonotic!

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10
Q

What is the portal of exit for MRSP?

A
  • Respiratory secretions
    +
  • aerosolised particles
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11
Q

What is the effect of MRSP on the host?

A

Infections of the:
* Skin
* Ear
* Wound + surgical sites infections
* Respiratory infections

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12
Q

What is the acronym for Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus?

A

MRSA

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13
Q

What type of pathogenic organism is MRSA?

A

Bacteria - superbug/HAI

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14
Q

What is the infectious agent for MRSA?

A

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus

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15
Q

What is the resevoir for MRSA?

A

Human

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16
Q

What is the mode of transmission for MRSA?

A

Direct contact:
* Open sores + wounds
* Contaminated surfaces

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17
Q

What is the portal of entry for MRSA?

A
  • Open wounds
  • Surgical Incisions
  • Sores
  • Urinary tract
  • IV catheters
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18
Q

Who are the susceptible hosts for MRSA?

A
  • Humans
  • Elderly
  • Young
  • Old
  • Immunocomprimised

Zoonotic!

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19
Q

What is the portal of exit for MRSA?

A

Open sores + wounds

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20
Q

What is the effect of MRSA on the host?

A
  • Skin infections
    leading to > respiratory + urinary infections
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21
Q

What is the acronym for Bordetella Bronchiseptica?

A

Kennel Cough!
(KC)

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22
Q

What type of pathogenic organism is Bordetella Bronchiseptica?

A

Bacteria - gram-negative coccobacillus

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23
Q

What is the infectious agent for Kennel Cough?

A

Bordetella Bronchiseptica:
* B Pertussis
* B parapertussius

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24
Q

What are the 3 resevoirs for KC?

A
  • Dogs
  • Cats
  • Rabbits
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25
Q

What is the mode of transmission for KC?

A

Direct contact:
* Dogs touching noses

Indirect contact:
* Droplets
* Areosolised particles from sneezing + coughing

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26
Q

What is the portal of entry for KC?

A

Inhaled

(Into the respiratory tract + into the body)

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27
Q

Who are the susceptible hosts for KC?

A
  • Canines
  • Felines
  • Rabbits
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28
Q

What is the portal of exit for KC?

A

Via respiratory tract
+
respiratory secretions

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29
Q

What is the effect of KC on the host?

A
  • Hacking cough
  • Sneezing
  • Forthy white phelgm
  • Coughing sounds like something is stuck in the throat
  • Difficulty breathing
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30
Q

What is the acronym for Leptospira Icterohaemorrhagiae
+
Leptospira Canicola?

A

Lepto

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31
Q

What type of pathogenic organisms are Leptospira Icterohaemorrhagiae
+
Leptospira Canicola?

A

Bacteria - spirochete

32
Q

What are the infectious agents for Lepto?

A

Leptospira Icterohaemorrhagiae
+
Leptospira Canicola

33
Q

What are the resevoirs for Lepto?

A

Main resevior - Rodents
* Dogs
+
* Cattle
* Pigs
* Horses

34
Q

What is the mode of transmission for Lepto?

A

Both direct + in-direct contact

Direct contact,
with infectious + contaminated:
* Tissues
* Organs
* Urine
* Bodily fluids

In-direct contact, with contaminated:
* Water
* Soil
* Food

35
Q

What is the portal of entry for Lepto?

A

Surfaces of:
* MM’s
* Conjunctival
* Oral
* Genital
+
* Cuts + abrasions

36
Q

Who are the susceptible hosts for Lepto?

A
  • Human
  • Cattle
  • Dogs
  • Cats

Zoonotic!

37
Q

What is the portal of exit for Lepto?

38
Q

What is the effect of Lepto on the host?

A
  • Jaundice
  • Fever
  • V+
  • Abdominal pain
  • Severe muscle pain
39
Q

What is the acronym for Escherichia-coli?

40
Q

What type of pathogenic organism is Escherichia-coli?

A

Bacteria - gram-negative bacillus

41
Q

What is the infectious agent for E-coli?

A

Escherichia-coli

‘Shiga toxin-producing E-Coli’ (STEC)

42
Q

What is the resevoir for E-Coli?

A

Grass-feeding animals
(Cattle etc)

43
Q

What is the mode of transmission for E-Coli?

A

In-direct contact:
* Consumption of contaminated foods + water

Example:
* Grass-fed animals, ingesting the bacteria, whilst grazing on contaminated grass

44
Q

What is the portal of entry for E-Coli?

A

Ingestion

Consuming contaminated:
* Food
* Water

45
Q

Who are the susceptible hosts for E-Coli?

A
  • Humans
  • Dogs
  • Cats
  • Birds
  • Cattle
  • Pigs
  • Horses

Zoonotic!

46
Q

What is the portal of exit for E-Coli?

A

Gastrointestinal tract - faeces

47
Q

What is the effect of E-Coli on the host?

A
  • V+
  • Nausea
  • Abdominal cramps
  • Hematochezia (+ watery)
  • Pyrexia
48
Q

What is the acronym for Salmonella?

A

Salmonella or Salmonellosis

49
Q

What type of pathogenic organism is Salmonella?

A

Bacteria - gram negative rods genus

50
Q

What is the infectious agent for Salmonella?

A

Salmonella spp
or
Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium

51
Q

What are the 2 resevoirs for Salmonella?

A

Poultry
+
Livestock

52
Q

What is the mode of transmission for Salmonella?

A

Direct
+
Indirect.

Direct:
Contact with contaminated:
* Animal or human
* Faeces
* Food

Indirect:
* Contact with environments where animals live and roam
* Consumption of food/drink prepared in contaminated environments

53
Q

What is the portal of entry for Salmonella?

A

Direct:
* Ingestion
* Fecal
* Oral
* Eating contaminated food
* Drinking contaminated fluids

Indirect:
Contact with contaminated:
* Fomites
* Surfaces
* Acccidental ingestion

54
Q

Who are the susceptible hosts for Salmonella?

A
  • Humans
  • Poultry
  • Livestock
  • Rodents
  • Amphibians
  • Small mammals
  • Farm mammals

Zoonotic!

55
Q

What is the portal of exit for Salmonella?

A

Gastrointestinal tract - faeces

56
Q

What is the effect of Salmonella on the host?

A
  • V+
  • D+
  • Pyrexia
  • Anorexia
  • Decreased activity level
57
Q

What is the acronym for Campylobacter Jejuni?

Also known as.. the ‘human diarrheal pathogen’

A
  • Campylobacter
  • Campylobacteriosis
58
Q

What type of pathogenic organism is Campylobacter Jejuni?

A

Bacteria - gut

59
Q

What is the infectious agent for Campylobacter?

A
  • C jejuni jejuni
  • C coli
  • C upsaliensis
  • C helveticus
60
Q

What are the resevoirs for Campylobacter?

A
  • Dogs
  • Cats
  • Chickens + other poultry
  • Farm animals
61
Q

What is the mode of transmission for Campylobacter?

A

Direct + Indirect.

Indirect contact:
* Consumption of raw or undercooked poultry
or
* Consumption of something that has touched it

Direct contact:
With infected..
* Animals
* Humans
* Faeces
* Drinking untreated water

62
Q

What is the portal of entry for Campylobacter?

A

Ingestion:
* Faecal
* Oral

63
Q

Who are the susceptible hosts for Campylobacter?

A
  • Humans
  • Dogs
  • Cats
  • Poultry
  • Farm animals

Zoonotic!

64
Q

What is the portal of exit for Campylobacter?

65
Q

What is the effect of Campylobacter on the host?

A
  • Recurrent watery/mucoid D+
  • Tenesmus
  • Abdominal cramps + pain
  • Lethargy
  • Pyrexia
66
Q

What is the acronym for Clostridium tetani?

A
  • C. tetani
    or
  • Tetanus
  • Lockjaw

People often call tetanus “lockjaw” because one of the most common signs of this infection is tightening of the jaw muscles

67
Q

What type of pathogenic organism is Clostridium tetani?

A

Bacteria - spore-forming, gram-positive, slender, anaerobic rod

68
Q

What is the infectious agent for C.tetani?

A

Clostridium tetani

69
Q

What are the 3 resevoirs for C.tetani?

A

Contaminated environment:
* Soil

  • Animals + humans carry bacilli in their intestines!
70
Q

What is the mode of transmission for C.tetani?

A

In-direct contact.

In-direct:
Spores from..
* Soil
* Faeces

or contaminated..
* Wounds
* Abrasions

Not from human to human.

71
Q

What are the 3 portals of entry for C.tetani?

A
  • Puncture wounds
  • Lacerations
  • Burns
72
Q

Who are the 4 susceptible hosts for C.tetani?

A
  • Humans
  • Horses
  • Dogs
  • Cats

Zoonotic!

73
Q

What is the portal of exit for C.tetani?

A

Gastrointestinal tract - faeces

74
Q

What is the effect of C.tetani on the host?

A

A history of:
* Wounds
(Typically within a period of 4 weeks)
* Lameness
* Stiffness
* Colic (Systemic)

Can progress quickly to…
* Abnormal gait
* Trembling
* Muscle spasms
* Inability to open the mouth (Lockjaw)

76
Q

Bacteria that are spehericial in shape and arranged in groups are known as:
1. Bacilli
2. Spirochaetes
3. Staphylococci
4. Streptococci

A

Streptococci

Infection Control Yr1 (21 decks)

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