MCQP Flashcards
A dog is presented at the surgery with alopecia around the eyes and muzzle without obvious pruritis. Which mite do you suspect?
- Otodectes cynotis
- Demodex canis
- Sarcoptes scabei
- Cheyletiella yasguri
Demodex canis
A puppy is presented at the surgery with pruritis around the ears . Which mite do you
suspect?
- Otodectes cynotis
- Demodex canis
- Sarcoptes scabei
- Cheyletiella yasguri
Otodectes cynotis
The larval stage of Toxocara canis that is infective is…
1. Fourth stage larvae - L4
2. Third stage larvae - L3
3. Second stage larvae - L2
4. First stage larvae - L1
Second stage larvae - L2
What is the proper name for hookworm?
1. Uncinaria stenocephala
2. Trichuris vulpis
3. Toxacaris leonina
4. Oslerus osleri
Uncinaria stenocephala
Lice can be divided into 2 types - sucking or biting. Which of the following is a sucking louse?
1. Ctenocephalides felis
2. Linognathus setosus
3. Trichodectes canis
4. Dipylidium Canium
Linognathus setosus
Trombicula autumnalis can cause clinical disease in some cats and dogs. Which stage of its life
cycle is parasitic?
1. Larva
2. Nymph
3. Adult
4. All of above
Larva
An intermediate host is always required by which of the following parasites?
1. Toxocara canis
2. Giardia
3. Toxacaris leonina
4. Taenia hydatigena
Taenia hydatigena
The parasite that typically causes intense pruritus and may live in the hair follicle is
1. Demodex canis
2. Trichodectes cani
3. Cheyletiella yasguri
4. Sarcoptes scabiei
Cheyletiella yasguri
The egg of which parasite are glued to the hair shafts of its host?
1. Ctenocephalides felis
2. Sarcoptes scabiei
3. Otodectes cynotis
4. Linognathus setosus
Linognathus setosus
Toxoplasma can be transmitted from one host to another via all of the following routes except:
1. Via meat from an intermediate host containing the organism
2. Via the milk from queen to kitten
3. Via food contaminated by cat faeces
4. Via the placenta and afterbirth of aborted lambs.
Via the milk from queen to kitten
The lungworm of dogs is:
1. Aelurostrongylus abstrusus
2. Oslerus osleri
3. Trichuris vulpis
4. Uncinaria stenocephala
Oslerus osleri
Pruritis and excessive epidermal scaling can be produces by which non-burrowing mite?
1. Cheyletiella
2. Notoedres
3. Sarcoptes
4. Otodectes
Cheyletiella
Visceral larva migrans in man is caused by which parasite?
1. Toxocara canis
2. Toxacaris leoninum
3. Toxoplasma gondii
4. Echinococcus granulosus
Toxocara canis
A paratenic host is best defined by which of the following statements?
1. The host in which a parasite has to undergo part of its lifecycle before it can reinfest the final
host.
2. A host that carries an organism and sheds it intermittently.
3. The animal in which the adult or reproductive phase of the parasite occurs
4. A host that carries an immature parasite in its tissues
A host that carries an immature parasite in its tissues.
It has to be eaten by the final host for the parasite to complete its life cycle. The whipworm of
dogs is:
1. Aelurostrongylus abstrusus
2. Oslerus osleri
3. Trichuris vulpis
4. Uncinaria stenocephala
Uncinaria stenocephala
What is the correct worming regime for a pregnant dog
1. Every 1 months
2. Every 3 months
3. from day 40 of pregnancy to 2 days post whelping
4. Every 6 months
From day 40 of pregnancy to 2 days post whelpin
What is the correct worming regime for a kittens
1. Every month
2. From 3 weeks until weaning
3. Every 6 months
4. from 2 weeks then every 2 weeks until 12 weeks
From 2 weeks old, then every 2 weeks - until they reach 12 weeks old
Which Stage in the lifecycle of the flea is the most resistant to eradication
1. Egg
2. Larva
3. Adult Flea
4. Pupa
Pupa
If a client noticed fleas on her pet what treatment would you recommend
1. Flea treatment only
2. Flea treatment and Environmental treatment
3. Flea, Environmental and tapeworm treatment
4. Environmental treatment only
Flea, Environmental and tapeworm treatment
A client tells you she is pregnant and she has heard about Toxoplasmosis and are there any
precautions she should take. Would you suggest
1. Don’t clean out the cats litter tray
2. Don’t eat raw meat
3. A only
4. A & B
A & B
Give the definition of disease.
A disease is any disorder that causes dysfunction of the body.
Infectious disease is caused by a pathogenic organism
List 5 routes by which disease may leave the body
Saliva (licking, bites)
Nasal (sneezing )
or
ocular discharge
Sputum ( coughing)
Urine
Faeces
Skin
Vomit
Blood
Venereal contact
In milk
What is a cadaver and how may it be a source of infection.
A dead body.
It may be a source of infection because the animal died of a n infectious disease and the pathogen remain active and alive in the dead tissue
Or
Pathogenic organisms may incubate in the decaying tissue
List the 6 routes by which a pathogenic organism may reach a new
host.
Direct Contact
Indirect Contact
Through the air (Aerosols ) Contaminated food and water
Carriers
Vectors
Fomites provide what type of contact for the transmission of disease
and name a disease which may be spread by this route.
Indirect
Campylobacter
Cheytiella mites
Crytosporosis
leptospirosis
Ringworm
Roundworm
Salmonella
Toxoplasmosis
Name 3 diseases that are frequently spread by contaminated food and
water
E. coli
Salmonella
Campylobacter
Name and describe the types of carriers of disease.
Healthy carrier.
Animal never exhibits any clinical signs of the pathogen being present but passes it to others at any time.
Convalescent carrier.
This animal will have had the disease but will have recovered from it. The animal is, however able to transmit pathogenic micro-organisms for some time after recovery. It may also release pathogens periodically during stressful times in its life.
What are vectors?
A Living organism that carries pathogenic organisms
Describe the difference between Biological and Mechanical Vectors
Biological vectors.
Act as an intermediate host in the life cycle of a pathogen. Some of the pathogens development occurs within the intermediate host before it is eaten by the definitive host (Ie cat flea is an intermediate host of the larval form of Dipylidium canium)
Mechanical Hosts/vectors.
Play no role in the pathogens development and simply transfer the disease from one animal to another. There are 2 types: TRANSPORT & PARAENTIC HOST.
Describe the difference between Transport and Parentic Vectors
Transport vectors.
Cary the infection to another animal without becoming
infected themselves. They maintain the viability of the organism. (Ie the cat
flea carries the virus Feline Panleuopenia and the rickettsia
Haemobartonella)
Parentic vectors.
Must be eaten by the final host for the pathogen to
continue its lifecycle and spread. The microrganism lives in the Paentic
host’s tissues but there is no further development. ( Eg Cats eating raw
lamb infected with Toxoplasma gondii)
What are the routes via which a disease may enter the body and give
an example of a different pathogen that uses each route.
Mouth
* Salmonella
* E. Coli
* Campyolbacter
Inhalation
* Aspergilliosis
* Cat Flu
Through the surface of the skin
* FeLV
* FIV
Through mucus membranes
* Chlamydia is carried in the conjunctival surface.
* Candida ablicans be transferred through the Mucous membranes of the mouth and the vagina.
* Bordetella bronchiseptica enters and infects the mucous membranes of the respiratory system.
Congenital route
* Toxocara canis
* FeLV
* FIV
* Feline Panleucopenia.
What is the infectious agent of Rabies?
Rabies virus
What is the reservoir of Rabies?
Dogs, Foxes or other mammals
What is the portal of exit for Rabies?
Saliva
What is the mode of transmission for Rabies?
Direct contact
What is the portal of entry for Rabies?
Via:
Bites,
Open wounds
&
Mucous membranes
What is the susceptible host for Rabies?
And what are the symptoms/affects?
Susceptible hosts:
Dogs, other mammals, or humans.
Effects:
Neurological signs, behavioural changes, convulsions, coma or death
Explain the transmission of Rabies, making reference to the ‘Chain
of Infection’
Your answer should include the following and discussion on effect
on hosts
Infectious agent
Rabies virus
Reservoir
Dogs, foxes or other mammals
Portal of Exit
Via saliva
Mode of Transmission
Direct contact
Portal of Entry
Dog, other mammals, human. Effect – neurological signs, behavioural change, convulsions, coma, death
What is the infectious agent for Toxoplasmosis?
Toxoplasma gondii
What is the reservoir of Toxoplasmosis?
Cat
What is the portal of exit for Toxoplasmosis?
Oocytss in faeces
What is the mode of transmission of Toxoplasmosis?
Infection
via
Intermediate hosts
What is the portal of entry for Toxoplasmosis?
Ingestion
What is the susceptible host for Toxoplasmosis?
Humans
Explain the transmission of toxoplasmosis , making reference to
the ‘Chain of Infection’
Infectious agent
Toxoplasma Gondii
Resevoir
Cat
Portal of Exit
Oocysts in faeces
Mode of transmission
Infection via intermediate hosts
Portal of Entry
Ingestion
Susceptible host
Humans
Describe the isolation and barrier nursing procedures that should be used to prevent the spread of Toxoplasmosis.
(5 marks)
- One named nurse, or contact with patient after other patients
- Wear appropriate PPE, gloves, apron, disposable covershoes
- Contaminated PPE, consumables, newspapers etc in separate clinical waste
- Appropriate hand washing with soap/antiseptic and water
- Personal hygiene – don’t touch face/mouth with hands
- Use footbath with appropriate disinfectant (most are effective)
- Soak contaminated vetbeds in disinfectant prior to boil wash
- Use bowl, utensils, cleaning equipment etc only in isolation
- Clearly identify isolated area and communicate to other staff
Describe the process for decontaminating with disinfectant the kennel that has housed a cat with toxoplasmosis.
(5 marks)
- Prepare all equipment and PPE (particularly gloves)
- Place animal in secure area
- Remove vet beds and newspapers – soiled bed, disinfected and washed, soiled newspapers to clinical waste
- Remove gross soiling and organic material
- Clean all parts of kennel with detergent/disinfectant
- Rinse with clean water
- Disinfect all kennel at correct dilution rate
- Leave for appropriate contact time
- Rinse/dry
- Remove PPE and dispose
- Wash hands
What is a fomite?
An inanimate object that has the potential to hold/carry disease-producing organisms
What is an Nosocomial Infection?
And how else is it reffered to as?
An infection, caused by a pathogenic organism, that is aquired during patient hospitalization
+
Also called Hospitalized Acquired Infection (HAI)
What is a Zoonosis?
&
Who are the susceptible hosts?
A disease caused by a pathogenic organism, that can be transmissible to humans
+
Humans (primarly/in reference to)
But also includes animals
What is disinfection?
The process used to reduce the number of pathogenic organisms in the environment
+
To a level considered ‘safe’
Usually, using a disinfectant (A chemical solution that inactivates pathogenic organisms)
What is Sterilization?
The process used to destroy all
living tissues, microbial life/micro-organisms with the potential to cause disease.
What is the difference between Sterilization & Disinfection?
