Viruses Flashcards
1
Q
What is it ?
A
- Microbiology is the study of all living organisms that are too small to be visible with the naked eye, this includes bacteria, archaea, viruses, funji, prions, protozoa and algae, collectively known as ‘microbes’
- Usually requires a microscope
- Some organisms are too large
2
Q
Medical biology
A
Study of causative agents of infectious diseases of humans and their reactions to such infections
3
Q
Terms
A
- Bacteriology – the science of bacteria, the causative agents of a member of infectious diseases
- Virology – the science of viruses, non cellular living systems capable of causing infectious diseases in man
- Immunology – the science which concerned with mechanisms of body protection against pathogenic microorganisms and foreign cells and substances
- Mycology – the study of funji pathogenic for man
- Protozoology – which deals with pathogenic unicellular animal organisms
4
Q
Importance of microbiology
A
- To know about harmful and harmless microorganisms to human being
- Recognising an infection, pathogenesis and mode of spread of infection
- Controlling spread of infection
- Principles of asepsis
- Create and maintain a sterile field
- Collect paper collection of specimens
- Hand washing
- Knowledge of the sterilisation methods and controls of sterilisation
- Anti-septic as a measure to sterilise
- Disposable of biomedical waste
- Implement immunisation
- Keep operation theatre free
- Help during delivery
- NPCS
5
Q
Micro organisms
A
- Prokaryotes – bacteria
- Eukaryotes – protozoa, funji, algae
6
Q
Prokaryotic
A
- Nucleus absent
- Cell type usually unicellular
- True membrane bound nucleus absent
- Eg bacteria and archaea
7
Q
Eukaryotic
A
- Nucleus present
- Cell type usually multicellular
- True membrane bound nucleus present
- Eg animal and plant
8
Q
Bacteria
A
- All bacteria are prokaryotes
- Exist in huge members but only a small percentage cause disease or death
- Can live in cells (intercellular) or on cells (extracellular)
- Identification of the organism requires looking at the shape and growth of the bacteria
- Bacteria have a phospholipid bilayer and are capable of withstanding high temperatures
- Can be pathogens usually cause disease
- Opportunists may cause disease off conditions are right
9
Q
Capsule
A
Composed of polysaccharide, polypeptide or both to protect from phagocytosis
10
Q
Flagellum
A
- Rotates to help mobility
- Allows chemotaxis
- Can help identification
11
Q
Pili
A
- Hair like filaments that extend from the cell surface
- Shorter and straighter than flagella
- Aids with attachment to host cells
12
Q
Fimbriae
A
Helps to adhere to each other and to surfaces
13
Q
Bacterial cell wall
A
- Major component is peptidoglycan
- Major target for antibiotics
- Provides shape and rigidity to cells
- Provides protection
- Important in cell identification
14
Q
Shape of bacterial cell
A
- Spherical
- Bacillus
- Spirillum
- Vibrio
- Monomorphic and polymorphic – bacteria tend to change their shape according to environmental
- Changes
15
Q
Gram stain
A
- Gram positive bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer – these show as purple
- Gram negative bacteria have a thin peptidoglycan layer and extra lipopolysaccharide layer – these show as pink
- Some bacteria do not take up the stain and are known as gram indeterminate – mycobacterium species
