Cardiovascular System Flashcards
1
Q
Anatomical terminology
A
- Anterior – front
- Posterior – back
- Lateral – side
- Medial – middle
- Inferior – below
- Superior – above
- Distal – furthest away
- Proximal – nearest to
- Visceral – inner layer, closest to organ
- Parietal – outer layer, away from organ
- Apex – furthest tip of the heart
- Base – top of the heart
2
Q
The pericardium
A
- Double layered fluid filled sac
- Offers lubrication to reduce friction between heart and surrounding organs
- Prevents the heart from distension
3
Q
Associated conditions with the pericardium
A
- Pericarditis
- Pleural effusion
- Cardiac tamponade
4
Q
The layers of the heart wall
A
- Outer layer pericardium reduces friction
- Middle layer myocardium for contraction
- Inner layer endocardium lines the inside of the heart, valves and blood vessels
5
Q
Heart valves
A
- 4 in total
- 2 atrioventricular valve - tricuspid valve and mitral valve
- 2 semilunar valves - aortic valve and pulmonary valve
- Maintains forward flow
- Prevent regurgitation
6
Q
Tricuspid valve
A
- Controls direction of blood flow between the right atrium and the right ventricle
- 3 cusps
- Opens during ventricular diastole and closes during ventricular systole
7
Q
Mitral valve
A
- Controls direction of blood flow between the left atrium and the left ventricle to aortic arch
- 3 cusps
- Opens during ventricular diastole and closes during ventricular systole
8
Q
Valve conditions
A
- Regurgitation
- Stenosis
- Prolapse
- Infected valves may lead to endocarditis
- Congenital abnormalities
9
Q
How is blood filtered into the heart ?
A
- Superior vena cava
- Inferior vena cava
- Pulmonary veins
10
Q
Arteries
A
- Carry blood away from the heart
- Their walls consists of three layers
- The structure of the middle layer gives arteries
11
Q
Arterioles
A
- Small arteries that carry blood away from heart
- Regulate blood flow from arteries to capillaries
12
Q
Capillaries
A
Transports blood, nutrients and oxygen
13
Q
Venules
A
Smallest vein that receives blood from the capillaries
14
Q
Veins
A
- Carry blood towards the heart
- Walls consist of 3 layers
- Less smooth muscle and connective tissue
- Thinner than arteries
- 70% of total blood volume in veins
- Medium and large veins have venous valves to prevent back flow
