Virology9 Flashcards
T or F
More than 90% of bile will be reabsorbed
T
The bilirubin should undergo —– before going out in urine
Glycosylation by glucoronic acid
Jaundice:—– we detect it by—-
Pruritus:——- what is its relation with jaundice?
-Yellowing , excess in bilirubin we detect it by looking at sclera or vascular bed of the togue
- itchiness
After bilirubin accumulates the patient feels itchiness
In hepatitis:
Stool will become —– unlike in urine where it becomes—–
Yellow to white
Dark in colour (tea coloured)
Hepatitis that appear suddenly is—- while after —- months its ——-
Acute
6 months
Chronic
T or F
Fulminant hepatitis is chronic
False its acute but exaggerated
Fulminant hepatitis causes—– and has (high/low)—–mortality rate
Encephalopathy
High
T or F
Persistent unresolved hepatitis is considered chronic
False
Comes after acute hepatitis
This shows us that most of manifestations are immunopathological
T or F
In persistent untesolved hepatitis the virus is still present
False
Ecteric hepatitis:—–
Anecteric:—-
Hepatitis with jaundice
Hepatitis with no jaundice
Histological manifestations of hepatitis
Hepatocytes necrosis Lobular inflammation Disruption of liver cell cord Kuppfer cell hyperplasia Mononuclear infiltrate
All the clinical manifestations are caused by —–
Immune system (cytokines)
T or F
Extra-hepatic manifestations are present in all hepatitis viruses
False
Hepatitis A: Hepatitis E: Both are transmitted by ------- Envelope:----- Genome:-----
Infectious hepatitis Enterically hepatitis Fecal-oral route Absent RNA
Hepatitis B:
Hep C:
Envelope:
Serum hepatitis
Post transfusion
Present (with D)
Other viruses that cause hepatitis:
Yellow fever
EBV and CMV
Heppp A
MOT:
Prt of —-
Fecal oral
Picornaviruses
Replication of hepatitis A
1- entry
2- translation (pos sense)
3- distruction of cell
Enterohepatic cycle:
Mouth - intestine - portal vein - liver- biliary tract- intestine - blood - viremia
Ip of HAV
2-4 weeks
T or F
HBV and HCV have a lower IP
False
2-20 weeks
T or F
Hep B and C always causes chronic hepatitis
False
Could be acute but it’s known by it’s chronicity
T or F
HAV causes chronic hepatitis
False
Unresolved hepatitis is sometimes seen after infection with —— which lead to increase in —–
Hep A
LFTs (SGOT, SGPT)
Hep A (can/can’t)—– cause acute liver failure, but most often it is with (high/low)— risk unless if it’s associated with———
Can
Low risk
Cirrhosis, hep B
Symptoms:
Fever Malaise Jaundice Abdominal pain Diarrhea From cytokines: myalgia and arthralgia
Wrt ecteric and anecteric hepatitis:
Children :
Adults:
Children: 1 in 13 have jaundice (12;1)
Adults: 3 in 4 have jaundice (1:3)
T or F
Adults are more likely to develop symptoms of hep A
True
The infection of children with hep A is more —— and —– is higher
Subclinical
Transmission
Hep A infectivity is from —– weeks while the onset of symtoms is mainly —- weeks
2 weeks
4 weeks
Srlu jm3ten aam y3de
Tx for HAV
IV hydration
Range of time for: Virus in feces: Symptoms and jaundice: Viremia: Aminotransferases:
2-6 weeks
Week 4
2-4 weeks
4-9 weeks
High risk patients after infection with HAV:
1-
2-
3-
1- chronic liver disease
2- pregnant
3- HIV
HAV vaccine:
Inactivated HAV : 2-3 doses
People at risk of infection with hep A: 1- 2- 3- 4- 5-
Travelers ( from developed to developing) Drug users (whether injectable or nah) MSM Blood disorders (clotting factors) Animal workers ( primates)
T or F
HAV infection provides permanent inmunity
True
HBV Genome: Family: Size: Mode of trans
DNA complicated
Hepadnaviruses
42 nm (dane)
MOT: cont. blood , sexual contact and transplantation, vertical ( from mother to child)
Heptitis B causes 30% of —— and increase the risk of —–
Cirrhosis related deaths
HCC ( hepatic carcinoma)
Genotypes of hepB
Many from A to J
The most affected population from hepB are the —– they have 85% to 90% chance developing ——
New borns
Chronic hepatitis
In adults, 95% of infected patients will—– while 5% will develop —– infection
Resolve completely
Chronic
Vaccine for hep B is given at day —— then at —–
0
2 months
HepB genome shape: Envelope: Shape if capsid: Protein in capsid Protein soluble in virus
DNa- partially double stranded ( tail ss) Present with HBsAg Icosahedral Core Ag (HBcAg) HBeAg
Complex of HBV:
22 nm spherical protein
200 nm filamentous protein
42 nm infectious body
The virus secretes ——- to the environment
HBsAg to form the filaments (200nm)
Proteins secreted by the virus caused serum—— that will induce—–
Sickness
Allergies
DNA of HBV is partially ——-, and have —— OrF that’s responsible for synthesizing —– polypeptides
Circular
4
7
Gene S is for ——, —– and —- that will combine to give the complicated —-, gene P is for —— that have —- and —– activity
Gene C is for —- and —-
X:
Small middle and large Hbs proteins Hbs antigen Polymerase and reverse transcriptase HbcAg ( core) and pre-HbeAg For transactivator , inhibition of immune system (evasion)
T or F
I can detect Hbe Ag
true
Because it’s soluble
Replication of HBV
-attachment of Hbs
-uncoating
-nucleus
- cccDNA
-integration in host DNA (latency)
-transcription
-translation
-pregenome RNA
-put in capsid with Hbc Ag
- make DNA by pol-RT
-we have now + and neg
Golgi then budding
Clinical manifestation of HBV:
Increased viral load (pcr)
Elevated LFT and bilirubin
HBsAg-IgM HBcAb + then he has acute HBV (or HBsAg only)
In sexually active individuals (heda hamu l dr) we should always do tests for STIs like: (screening)
Syphilus
HBV
HCV
HIV
