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Virology > Virology9 > Flashcards

Virology9 Flashcards

1
Q

T or F

More than 90% of bile will be reabsorbed

A

T

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2
Q

The bilirubin should undergo —– before going out in urine

A

Glycosylation by glucoronic acid

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3
Q

Jaundice:—– we detect it by—-
Pruritus:——- what is its relation with jaundice?

A

-Yellowing , excess in bilirubin we detect it by looking at sclera or vascular bed of the togue
- itchiness
After bilirubin accumulates the patient feels itchiness

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4
Q

In hepatitis:

Stool will become —– unlike in urine where it becomes—–

A

Yellow to white

Dark in colour (tea coloured)

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5
Q

Hepatitis that appear suddenly is—- while after —- months its ——-

A

Acute
6 months
Chronic

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6
Q

T or F

Fulminant hepatitis is chronic

A

False its acute but exaggerated

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7
Q

Fulminant hepatitis causes—– and has (high/low)—–mortality rate

A

Encephalopathy

High

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8
Q

T or F

Persistent unresolved hepatitis is considered chronic

A

False
Comes after acute hepatitis
This shows us that most of manifestations are immunopathological

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9
Q

T or F

In persistent untesolved hepatitis the virus is still present

A

False

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10
Q

Ecteric hepatitis:—–

Anecteric:—-

A

Hepatitis with jaundice

Hepatitis with no jaundice

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11
Q

Histological manifestations of hepatitis

A 
Hepatocytes necrosis
Lobular inflammation
Disruption of liver cell cord
Kuppfer cell hyperplasia
Mononuclear infiltrate
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12
Q

All the clinical manifestations are caused by —–

A

Immune system (cytokines)

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13
Q

T or F

Extra-hepatic manifestations are present in all hepatitis viruses

A

False

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14
Q 
Hepatitis A:
Hepatitis E:
Both are transmitted by -------
Envelope:-----
Genome:-----
A 
Infectious hepatitis
Enterically hepatitis
Fecal-oral route
Absent
RNA
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15
Q

Hepatitis B:
Hep C:

Envelope:

A

Serum hepatitis
Post transfusion
Present (with D)

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16
Q

Other viruses that cause hepatitis:

A

Yellow fever

EBV and CMV

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17
Q

Heppp A

MOT:
Prt of —-

A

Fecal oral

Picornaviruses

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18
Q

Replication of hepatitis A

A

1- entry
2- translation (pos sense)
3- distruction of cell

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19
Q

Enterohepatic cycle:

A

Mouth - intestine - portal vein - liver- biliary tract- intestine - blood - viremia

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20
Q

Ip of HAV

A

2-4 weeks

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21
Q

T or F

HBV and HCV have a lower IP

A

False

2-20 weeks

22
Q

T or F

Hep B and C always causes chronic hepatitis

A

False

Could be acute but it’s known by it’s chronicity

23
Q

T or F

HAV causes chronic hepatitis

A

False

24
Q

Unresolved hepatitis is sometimes seen after infection with —— which lead to increase in —–

A

Hep A

LFTs (SGOT, SGPT)

25
Q

Hep A (can/can’t)—– cause acute liver failure, but most often it is with (high/low)— risk unless if it’s associated with———

A

Can
Low risk
Cirrhosis, hep B

26
Q

Symptoms:

A 
Fever
Malaise
Jaundice
Abdominal pain
Diarrhea
From cytokines: myalgia and arthralgia
27
Q

Wrt ecteric and anecteric hepatitis:
Children :
Adults:

A

Children: 1 in 13 have jaundice (12;1)
Adults: 3 in 4 have jaundice (1:3)

28
Q

T or F

Adults are more likely to develop symptoms of hep A

A

True

29
Q

The infection of children with hep A is more —— and —– is higher

A

Subclinical

Transmission

30
Q

Hep A infectivity is from —– weeks while the onset of symtoms is mainly —- weeks

A

2 weeks
4 weeks
Srlu jm3ten aam y3de

31
Q

Tx for HAV

A

IV hydration

32
Q 
Range of time for:
Virus in feces:
Symptoms and jaundice:
Viremia:
Aminotransferases:
A

2-6 weeks
Week 4
2-4 weeks
4-9 weeks

33
Q

High risk patients after infection with HAV:
1-
2-
3-

A

1- chronic liver disease
2- pregnant
3- HIV

34
Q

HAV vaccine:

A

Inactivated HAV : 2-3 doses

35
Q 
People at risk of infection with hep A:
1-
2-
3-
4-
5-
A 
Travelers ( from developed to developing)
Drug users (whether injectable or nah)
MSM
Blood disorders (clotting factors)
Animal workers ( primates)
36
Q

T or F

HAV infection provides permanent inmunity

A

True

37
Q 
HBV
Genome:
Family:
Size:
Mode of trans
A

DNA complicated
Hepadnaviruses
42 nm (dane)
MOT: cont. blood , sexual contact and transplantation, vertical ( from mother to child)

38
Q

Heptitis B causes 30% of —— and increase the risk of —–

A

Cirrhosis related deaths

HCC ( hepatic carcinoma)

39
Q

Genotypes of hepB

A

Many from A to J

40
Q

The most affected population from hepB are the —– they have 85% to 90% chance developing ——

A

New borns

Chronic hepatitis

41
Q

In adults, 95% of infected patients will—– while 5% will develop —– infection

A

Resolve completely

Chronic

42
Q

Vaccine for hep B is given at day —— then at —–

A

0

2 months

43
Q 
HepB genome shape:
Envelope:
Shape if capsid:
Protein in capsid
Protein soluble in virus
A 
DNa- partially double stranded ( tail ss)
Present with HBsAg
Icosahedral
Core Ag (HBcAg)
HBeAg
44
Q

Complex of HBV:

A

22 nm spherical protein
200 nm filamentous protein
42 nm infectious body

45
Q

The virus secretes ——- to the environment

A

HBsAg to form the filaments (200nm)

46
Q

Proteins secreted by the virus caused serum—— that will induce—–

A

Sickness

Allergies

47
Q

DNA of HBV is partially ——-, and have —— OrF that’s responsible for synthesizing —– polypeptides

A

Circular
4
7

48
Q

Gene S is for ——, —– and —- that will combine to give the complicated —-, gene P is for —— that have —- and —– activity
Gene C is for —- and —-
X:

A 
Small middle and large Hbs proteins
Hbs antigen
Polymerase and reverse transcriptase
HbcAg ( core) and pre-HbeAg
For transactivator , inhibition of immune system (evasion)
49
Q

T or F

I can detect Hbe Ag

A

true

Because it’s soluble

50
Q

Replication of HBV

A

-attachment of Hbs
-uncoating
-nucleus
- cccDNA
-integration in host DNA (latency)
-transcription
-translation
-pregenome RNA
-put in capsid with Hbc Ag
- make DNA by pol-RT
-we have now + and neg
Golgi then budding

51
Q

Clinical manifestation of HBV:

A

Increased viral load (pcr)
Elevated LFT and bilirubin
HBsAg-IgM HBcAb + then he has acute HBV (or HBsAg only)

52
Q

In sexually active individuals (heda hamu l dr) we should always do tests for STIs like: (screening)

A

Syphilus
HBV
HCV
HIV

Virology (12 decks)

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