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Virology > Virology5 > Flashcards

Virology5 Flashcards

1
Q

Corona virus

Genome:
Length of genome:
Envelope:
Shape of nucleocapsid:

A

Genome : ssRNA positive non segmented
30 kb
Envelope: present
Shape: helical

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2
Q

15-30% of cases of common cold are caused by ——-

A

Corona virus

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3
Q

All that have helical nucleocapside have——- except —–

A

Negative RNA

Corona

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4
Q

Corona have the longest —— in viruses and most complicated

A

RNA

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5
Q

2/3 from the genome is dedicated for ——- aka—–

A

Replication
Reverse transcriptase complex
Replicase system

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6
Q

Genome for corona:

A

+ 5’ lead UTR R S E M N UTR poly A 3’

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7
Q 
R for
S for
E for
M for
N protein
A 
Replicase 
Spike
Envelope
Membrane
Capsid
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8
Q

Host receptor for corona

A

ACE (cardiovascular)

DDP4 (in stomach)

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9
Q

Ace are found on —-

A

Cardiovascular system

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10
Q

Steps of corona replication:

A

1- fusion
2- ORF 1 +
3- ORF -
4- orf + (this will be the genome of the new born viruses)
5- HE S E M N are fragments (mRNA) that will be involved in protein synthesis for nucleocapsid

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11
Q

After uncoating the first step in replication will be ——– because the genome is —-stranded
Second it makes ———
Third—— subgenomic —-
Then transcription of the —– strand to form —–

A 
Translation of RNA dependent RNA polymerase 
\+
Complementary - strand
Nested set of subgenomic mRNA
Negative strand to form the positive
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12
Q

Ovelapping genes present in corona genome will form —— after ——
And those proteins will form ——-

A

Replucative Nsps
Splicing into small proteins
Replicase complex

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13
Q

Copying the first 2/3 from the genome is (conti/dis)—— corresponding to—–while that of the last 1/3 is —— corresponding to —–

A

Continuous-replicase complex

Discontinuous - subgenomic mRNA

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14
Q

T or F

Sg RNA are directly used after being transcribed from the + strand genome

A

False
Because the result will be a negative stranded RNA
The virus should do a complementary + strand

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15
Q

Corona causes (chronic/self-limited)—- respiratory infections except in——

A

Self-limited

Neonates, elderly and people with comorbidities

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16
Q

T orF

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus is one of the first deadliest virus to be discovered in pigs (livestock)

A

True

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17
Q

T or F

Corona viruses are not present in companion aninals

A

False

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18
Q

Murine hepatitis virus is —– hepatitis virus and causes —— and it (can/can’t)—- infect humans but it’s used as —— to —–

A 
Mice
Demyelination disease
Can't
Model 
Understand corona viruses
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19
Q

—–order, coronaviridae is the family and we have —– genera

A

Nidovirales

4

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20
Q

We have —-genera for coronaviridiae family from —— order

A

4 genera

Nidovirale

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21
Q

What are the genera that infect humans?

Birds?

A

Alpha and beta

Delta and gamma

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22
Q

T or F

Alpha are more genetically variable than alpha

A

False

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23
Q

T or F

Alpha and beta are only found in humans

A

False

In rodents and bats too

24
Q

How many corona viruses infect humans?

List the ones that cause common cold and others that cause respiratory disease.

A

7
2 alpha cause common cold (229E and NL63)
5 beta HKU1 and OC43 (common cold)
Respiratory diseases (MERS, SARS cov1 and SARS cov2)

25
Q 
Sars cov1 
MR:
Source: 
Duration of spread:
Target:
Country:
A

9%
Indirectly from bats to wet animal markets by closely related viruses that made mutation
Spread only after onset of illness(symptoms)
Epithelial cells of alveolar cells type 1
China 2002

26
Q

T or F

Sars cov2 can’t be transmitted if the patient us asymptomatic

A

False

27
Q

T or F
Data showed that not much ppl have Abs against sars cov 1 unlike the other corona viruses where we have much more antibodies

A

True

This showed that we were exposed before to those viruses

28
Q 
Supersoreaders are people that-------
We see superspreaders in :
1-
2-
3-
4-
A 
Infect more than 10 each
Sars
TB
Ebola
Rubella
29
Q 
Mers-cov
MR:
Country:
Source:
Receptor:
Vector:
A 
50% initially and dropped to 40%
Saudi arabia 2012
Bats-camels (intermediate host)
DDP4
Adenovirus vector
30
Q

T or F

DDP4 receptors are found in mice

A

False
And that’s why we don’t have an animal model
We used the adenovirus vector

31
Q

Adenovirus vectors are like the ones in —— and —— used nowadays, where they introduce the mRNA but in —— after —— them

A

Sinopharm and sputnik
Adenovirus
Empteying

32
Q 
SARS cov2
Direct effect:
Indirect effect:
Variant of interest:
Variants of concern:
A

Overwhelmed health care system
Crippled economy by the ripple effect
2nd and 3rd wave

33
Q

Sars cov1 underwent —— small mutations and shifted to sars cov2 that’s highly ——-

A

2

Infectious

34
Q

MOT:
Duration of the infection:
MR:

A

1-Droplet transmission
Before after and without symptoms
2-Respiratory droplets of close contact and fomites
3-aerosol generating procedures (intubation)
3-nosocomial infection
4- possible fecal-oral and transplacental
2.2

35
Q

T or F

N95 is not useful in any case

A

It’s true that a normal mask can protect from covid
But if intubation failed and the patient did a cough reflex in the whole room
It’s preferred to wear N95

36
Q 
Risk factors for covid:
1
2-
3
4
5
6
7
8
A 
Older than 60
Obesity
Cardiovascular disease
Chronic kidney disease
Chronic lung disease
Smoking
Cancer
Transplant patients
Same as in legionella and influenza
37
Q

People with comorbodities have —— higher rate of hospitalization, males (<>) —- from females, and ——– minorities
All depend on their ——- factors

A

6-12 times
Males >females
Racial ethnic
Psychosocial economic factors

38
Q

T or F

The genetic factors doesn’t play a role in covid aggresivity

A

False

39
Q

T or F

Covid is only a respiratory virus

A

False and vascular

40
Q 
Pathogenisis
Early:
Late:
Effects on body:
1-
2-
3-
4-
5-
A

Viral mediated
Immunopathological (cytokine storm)
1-Endotheliitis
2-RAAS dysregulation (activation)
3-Kallikrein bradykinin
4-Cell contraction (exsudation from lungs to parenchyma)
5-IL1beta mediates inflammation and fibrosis on the long run

41
Q

T or F

Cytokine storm is absent in children

A

T

42
Q

T or F

Fibrosis of the lungs is irreversible

A

True

43
Q

T or F

Healthy microbiota and healthy diet doesn’t affect covid infetion

A

False

An important example that ppl that have fear from covid stops eating and that affects them negatively

44
Q

T or F

Cytokines doesn’t induce anorexia as prodrome

A

False

45
Q

Ageusia is the loss of ——

A

Taste

46
Q

Things that differentiate covid from others:
1-
2-
3-

A

Abdominal pain as ulcer
Heachache as vibration or needles
Joint pain also as needle like headache

47
Q 
Stages of covid illness
1-asymptomatic
2- mild
3-moderate
4-severe
5-critical
A

Shufun aal slide

48
Q

Which imaging tech i can use to detect fibrosis?

A

CT scan chest without contrast

49
Q

T or F

Covid can cause myocardial infarction

A

True

50
Q

Extrapulmonary manifestations of covid:

A

CVS: myocarditis-hypercoagulabilty-acute coronary syndrome
Hematological: leukopenia-thrombocytopenia-neutrophilia
CNS: anosmia ageusia and encephalitis
Rashes: maculopapular rash, urticaria
GI: diarrhea anorexia nausea and vomitting
Increased liver enzymes

51
Q

The most common cutaneous manifestation of covid is :

Cause:

A 
Pseudo chilblains ( covid toes) (40% of cutaneous manufestations of covid)
Interferonopathy (immunopathological)
52
Q

Complications:

A

Progressive or sudden clinical deterioration
Acute respiratory failure :sudden drop in o2
ARDS: exageration of the immune sustem that destroys the lungs
Malignant arryhthmias: uncontrolable
Cardiomyopathy: like coxsakie
Acute renal failure (most common)

53
Q

Chronic fatigue syndrome happens after —— after covid exposure associated with —— ,—– and —-

A

Long period
Anxiety
Psychotic episodes
Depression

54
Q

T or F
Patients with severe clinical presentation during covid infection period are the most susceptible to post-covid syndrome with neuropsychiatric symptoms

A

False

Le ma bayan eendn kter hene l more

55
Q

T or F

Secondary bacterial infections are highly noticed while recovery

A

False

Fungal like aspergillosis and rhino-cerebro-orbital mucomycosis

56
Q

Vaccines only names are required:

A 
Biontech pfizer
Moderna
Janssen
Snipharm (adeno)
Sputnik (adeno)

monoclonal antibodies lezm awl l infection naatehn

Virology (12 decks)

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