Virology 1

Question 1

Characteristics of a virus or virion:
Genomic material:——-
Covered with —– to form ——, that will ensure ——
Around the nucleocapsid there is —– including ——

Answer 1

DNA or RNA
Proteins nucleocapsid protection
Envelope glycoproteins

Question 2

In —– HIV was discovered

While in —– PCR was invented

Answer 2

1984

1985

Question 3

Viral in fections are the most common cause of —— in ——-

Answer 3

Acute illnesses

Developed countries

Question 4

Viral infections have —– in pediatrics

Answer 4

High mortality

Question 5

Nipaah virus have IP —— can cause same symptoms as covid plus——-

Answer 5

3-4 weeks

Encephalitis and coma

Question 6

Regarding symmetry of viruses it can be either —— or ——

Answer 6

Cubic or icosahedral (as icosahedral structures increase it will be more smooth)
Helical (TMV)

Question 7

The smallest virus is ——- the same size as ——

And the largest are—– and—–(pox virus)

Answer 7

Parvovirus (ribosomes)

Ebola and variola

Question 8

The eclipse stage:——–

Answer 8

When the virus penetrates the cell and at this level we can’t detect it by tests or anything

Question 9

T or F

In eclipse phase the virus disappears

Answer 9

False

It can’t be detected but still present in cells

Question 10

Lytic and lysogenic cycles

Answer 10

Lytic
Attachment
Penetration
Biosynthesis
Maturation
Lysis

Lysogenic
Integration
Replication as a transposon
It might go again to do a lytic cycle

Question 11

After integration of phage’s DNA , the latter will be called —— this is why —– virus and become —– which will hide in the genome of —–

Answer 11

Prophage
HIV
Undefeated
Lymphocytes

Question 12

Chemical composition of viruses
1-Structural proteins that form ---- and protect against----
2- functional enzymes eg. ---------
3-------
4-------
5-------

Answer 12

Capsid, against enzymes
RNA dependent RNA polymerases for - sense RNA viruses
Nucleic acid (single or double dna or single or double RNA, circular or linear, segmented or non)
Lipid envelope (phospholipid) from host
Glycoproteins (glycosylation) viral origin

Question 13

Cultivation should be in —– like in —– cultures that we can use ine time only or with few —–, in —– cell line that is characterized by ——- and we can use it many times
Also the continuous cell lines like —– that is ——- that propagate ——

Answer 13

Cells
Primary
Propagation ( 1 or 2)
Diploid , propagation of culture
Hela , immortal , indefinitely

Question 14

The infection can be —– or —– this depends on ——
Cells can be —— or ——-
So productive infections happen in ——
When the virus have a problem in it we call it —— eg.—— that can’t infect the cell except with other virus —–

Answer 14

Abortive or production
Whether it can replicate in cell or not
Permisive or non permissive
Permissive cells
Defective
Hepatitis D
Hepatitis B

Question 15

Entry of viruses is mainly due to —– and—– in intact skin also in —– and —-
In also in case of —– skin like ——–

Answer 15

RT
GI
UT
Transplacentally
Conjunctiva
HIV
HCV
HBV
Arbo (arthropod born)

Question 16

Sars cov 2 is an important example of ——– interaction

Answer 16

Compleax viral host

Question 17

Viral tropism depends on —–

Answer 17

Cell surface receptors found on the host cell

Question 18

—— is an example if local infection that will infection only ——
While polio virus causes a —– infection from —- to —-

Answer 18

Flu only nose
Distant
GI tract to CNS

Question 19

Viruses usually invade the —– aka —– and the ——-

Answer 19

Blood
Viremia
Lymphatics

Question 20

T or F

EBV spreads using the lymphocytes

Answer 20

True

Question 21

T or F

Viruses can replicate in the plasma

Answer 21

False

Can only spread

Question 22

Viruses can be found in —— and —— (organs)

Answer 22

Reticuloendothelial system (LN,spleen and liver)
Bones

Question 23

Cytokines and interferons causes ——–

Answer 23

Constitutional symptoms aka prodromal

Question 24

HSV causes a latent infection and can hide——

Answer 24

In dorsal ganglion

Question 25

Why treatments are not efficient?

Answer 25

Multiple serotypes because of constant antigenicity change (many mutations, no repair systems)

Question 26

Kinds of treatments

Answer 26

Nucleoside/nucleotide analogs
RT inhibitors
Protease inhibitors
Integrase inhibitors
Fusion inhibitors

Question 27

Name of treatments that 
Prevent uncoating : ------- for ------
Prevent the release :
Inhibits polymerase or RT:
Guanosine analog : ------ for -------
For CMV:

Answer 27

Amantadine/ rimantadine for infl A
Oseltamivir as a neuraminidase inhibitor
Foscarnet as a pyrophosphate analog
Acyclovir for HSV VZV (valacyclovir for longer half life)
Ganciclovir