Virology 1 Flashcards
Characteristics of a virus or virion:
Genomic material:——-
Covered with —– to form ——, that will ensure ——
Around the nucleocapsid there is —– including ——
DNA or RNA
Proteins nucleocapsid protection
Envelope glycoproteins
In —– HIV was discovered
While in —– PCR was invented
1984
1985
Viral in fections are the most common cause of —— in ——-
Acute illnesses
Developed countries
Viral infections have —– in pediatrics
High mortality
Nipaah virus have IP —— can cause same symptoms as covid plus——-
3-4 weeks
Encephalitis and coma
Regarding symmetry of viruses it can be either —— or ——
Cubic or icosahedral (as icosahedral structures increase it will be more smooth)
Helical (TMV)
The smallest virus is ——- the same size as ——
And the largest are—– and—–(pox virus)
Parvovirus (ribosomes)
Ebola and variola
The eclipse stage:——–
When the virus penetrates the cell and at this level we can’t detect it by tests or anything
T or F
In eclipse phase the virus disappears
False
It can’t be detected but still present in cells
Lytic and lysogenic cycles
Lytic Attachment Penetration Biosynthesis Maturation Lysis
Lysogenic
Integration
Replication as a transposon
It might go again to do a lytic cycle
After integration of phage’s DNA , the latter will be called —— this is why —– virus and become —– which will hide in the genome of —–
Prophage
HIV
Undefeated
Lymphocytes
Chemical composition of viruses 1-Structural proteins that form ---- and protect against---- 2- functional enzymes eg. --------- 3------- 4------- 5-------
Capsid, against enzymes
RNA dependent RNA polymerases for - sense RNA viruses
Nucleic acid (single or double dna or single or double RNA, circular or linear, segmented or non)
Lipid envelope (phospholipid) from host
Glycoproteins (glycosylation) viral origin
Cultivation should be in —– like in —– cultures that we can use ine time only or with few —–, in —– cell line that is characterized by ——- and we can use it many times
Also the continuous cell lines like —– that is ——- that propagate ——
Cells Primary Propagation ( 1 or 2) Diploid , propagation of culture Hela , immortal , indefinitely
The infection can be —– or —– this depends on ——
Cells can be —— or ——-
So productive infections happen in ——
When the virus have a problem in it we call it —— eg.—— that can’t infect the cell except with other virus —–
Abortive or production Whether it can replicate in cell or not Permisive or non permissive Permissive cells Defective Hepatitis D Hepatitis B
Entry of viruses is mainly due to —– and—– in intact skin also in —– and —-
In also in case of —– skin like ——–
RT GI UT Transplacentally Conjunctiva HIV HCV HBV Arbo (arthropod born)
Sars cov 2 is an important example of ——– interaction
Compleax viral host
Viral tropism depends on —–
Cell surface receptors found on the host cell
—— is an example if local infection that will infection only ——
While polio virus causes a —– infection from —- to —-
Flu only nose
Distant
GI tract to CNS
Viruses usually invade the —– aka —– and the ——-
Blood
Viremia
Lymphatics
T or F
EBV spreads using the lymphocytes
True
T or F
Viruses can replicate in the plasma
False
Can only spread
Viruses can be found in —— and —— (organs)
Reticuloendothelial system (LN,spleen and liver) Bones
Cytokines and interferons causes ——–
Constitutional symptoms aka prodromal
HSV causes a latent infection and can hide——
In dorsal ganglion
Why treatments are not efficient?
Multiple serotypes because of constant antigenicity change (many mutations, no repair systems)
Kinds of treatments
Nucleoside/nucleotide analogs RT inhibitors Protease inhibitors Integrase inhibitors Fusion inhibitors
Name of treatments that Prevent uncoating : ------- for ------ Prevent the release : Inhibits polymerase or RT: Guanosine analog : ------ for ------- For CMV:
Amantadine/ rimantadine for infl A Oseltamivir as a neuraminidase inhibitor Foscarnet as a pyrophosphate analog Acyclovir for HSV VZV (valacyclovir for longer half life) Ganciclovir
