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Virology > Virology4 > Flashcards

Virology4 Flashcards

1
Q

H1N1 is the —– flu caused a pandemic in ——(year)

A

Spanish in 1918 (50-100 mill deaths)

Swine in 2009

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2
Q

Orthomyxoviruses

Genome:
Shape:
Envelope:
RNA polymerases:

A

Genome: single stranded (-)segmented(7-8) - RNA
Shape: helical
Envelope:present
Polymerases: PB1, PB2, PA

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3
Q

M2 is a —— protein (location) works as an——

A

Matrix protein

Ion channel

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4
Q

Glycoproteins of influenza:
1-
2-

A

1- NA : neuraminidase

2- HA: hemagglutinin

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5
Q

Hemagglutinin role:

A

Induce agglutination of red blood cells

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6
Q

T or F

Influenza C makes mutation

A

False

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7
Q

Influenza A viruses are named according to their glycoproteins
How many H do we have?
How many N do we have?
How we have antigenic variability in influenza?

A

18 H
11 N
Genetic reassortment

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8
Q

Hemagglutinin uses the proteases of —— or —— once it’s cleaved by —- and —-, —— fuses with the membrane then the virus is ——-

A 
Respiratory tract
Plasmin
HA1 and HA2
Second subunit
Endocytosed
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9
Q

Neuraminidase is important in the —— mechanism, where the virus is still attached till a protease will cut.

A

Release

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10
Q 
Replication of influenza:
1-
2-
3-
4-
5-
6-
Caps are gained from-----
A

1- -ve RNA with RNA polymerase of the virus will go to the nucleus.
2- + RNA is formed
3- PB1 will copies + templates to make -
4- some + rna will go to cytoplasm as mRNA to make the viral proteins
5- viral proteins will go to ER-golgi to budd out as vesicles and insert in PM
6- budding (out of the cells)

Host cell ( non structural proteins)

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11
Q

T or F

Covid is - sense RNA

A

False

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12
Q

Antigenic shift:
Antigenic drift:
No shift in —- and —–

A

Shift : RNA gene reassortment to make new strains
Drift : caused by mutation, no repair system in viruses
B and C

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13
Q

Neuraminidase —— the viscosity of the mucus thus allowing it’s spread in the ——
Once one cell gets infected it will move to the—-
IP for influenza

A

Decreases
Respiratory tract
Near by cells

1-2 days

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14
Q

Mode of transmission of influenza

Effect of cough:

A

Airborne droplets
Contact with surfaces
Fomites
Cough reflex may reduce the advancement of the disease by reducing the inoculum

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15
Q

IP for influenza:
Factors affecting:
Infectious window:

A

Few days
Depends on the infectious dose and immune status
After sneezing and coughing by 1 week(5 days)

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16
Q

Cell destruction causes —— release

A

Interferon

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17
Q

T or F

Destruction of cells will cause lifelong damage because basal layer is destroyed

A

False

We will have regeneration because basal layer is not destroyed

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18
Q

Uncomplicated inlfuenza symptoms:

Location:

A
  • abrupt
  • chills headache(frontal) and dry cough
  • fever(mesh fu2 41) myalgia malaise and anorexia

URT

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19
Q

T or F

Influenza B causes the common cold

A

False

C

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20
Q 
In pediatrics influenza may cause:
1-
2-
3-
4-
A

1- febrile seizures (higher fever)( disturbance of brain electricity)
2- GI problems (proximity)
3- higher fever
4- croup (laryngitracheobronchitis)

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21
Q

High risk patients: khuf mn l pneumonia
1-
2-
3-

A

Elderly
Pregnant
People with comorbidities

22
Q

Viral infections can cause —— which is also caused by—–

A

ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome)

Burns

23
Q

Lethal impact of influenza:

A

Cardiopulmonary deaths

24
Q

Reye syndrome:
Affected group: mainly—–
Cause:
Complications:

A

-Children
-Took aspirin ( saliciyic acid ) with infection (varicella or FLu A and B)
-acute liver failure and encephalopathy
(Reye’s syndrome)

25
Q

Avoiiiiiddddd —— in young children

A

Aspirinnn

26
Q 
Swine flu reassortment:
1-
2-
3-
4-
Have --- to --- transmission
A

North america
Eurasian swine
Avian
Human

Human to human

27
Q

Swine flu have same severity as —–

A

Seasonal flu

28
Q

MR of corona is —–

A

2.2

29
Q

Herald wave:

A

Spring influenza wave that makes us predict what will be the next strain

30
Q

The problem in influenza pandemics is ——-

A

Overwhelming the healthcare system

31
Q

Lung attachment by— virus will go inside , there is a release of —- and —-
When the WBC reach the site the —- will make damage that facilitates the growth of —–
Then we will have—-

A 
HA
Cytokines and interferons
Cytokines
Bacteria
Another cytokine storm
32
Q

T or F

Bacterio-influenzal pneumonia is more common that influenzal

A

True

33
Q

Bacterial protease from —–are capable of cleaving —-

A

S aureus

HA

34
Q

T or F

We may have bacterial infection even after recovery from the virus

A

True

35
Q

T or F

Most will not have disease if they are infected with the same strain

A

True

36
Q 
Spanish flu
Year:
Deaths:
Deadly for :
Reservoir of assortment:
Complications in:
A 
1918
50 mill to 100 mill (3-5% of whole pop)
20 - 40 year
Pig
48 hrs
37
Q

Inactivated influenza vaccine is done by—-(1938)
The virus was discovered —-
In first wave spanish flu did—–cause infectivity increase in second wave.

A

Salk and francis
1930
Drift mutation
Drift mutation (one mutation)

38
Q

T ir F

Avian was the ancestor of all the following

A

True

39
Q

Sick birds are —— of avian influenza (—)
—-borne
Causes —– infection in humans and lethal in —–

A 
Mobile reservoir for avian influenza
H5N1
(Laanu ma by2telun)
Water borne
Inaperant
Chicks and turkey
40
Q

All human pandemic strains are ——
In humans influeza that reached humans are of strains:
Intermediate host of avian:

A

Reassortants between animal anf human viruses
H18: 1-2-3-5-7-9
N11: 1-2
Swine

41
Q

How to recognize sick bird?

A

Slide 15

42
Q

How infected poultry could spread the virus?

A

Slide 16

43
Q

1997 H5N1 oandemic

A
44
Q

Immunity against inluenza
Subtype:
Immunity agaisnt HA:
Immunity agaisnt NA:

A

Specific
Prevention of initiation
Prevents transmision and severity(mucous)

45
Q

Every 10-40 years no enough people will have ——

A

Immunity that the pandemic had risen

46
Q

Pandemic kl —— beseru

Baynama l epidemics every —-

A

10-20-30 years

2-3-5 years

47
Q

T or F

No long life immunity in influenza

A

True
Always reinfections
But milder presentations

48
Q

T or F

There is a cross protection of A B and C

A

Falseeeee ma khasun

Kl hada eendu antigens gher

49
Q

Diagnosis:

Tx

A

Swab after 3 days of symptoms (mtl l pcr l matrah)
M2 ion channel inhibitors (amantadine and rimantadine (ma mnstaamln)
NA inhibitors : -mivir for A and B for new borns masaln
Oseltamivir prevents cleavage of NA to be released
Circulating strains are resistant to M2 channel inhibitors

50
Q

After symptoms by 4 days the antiviral drugs are useless

A

True

After 2 kamen

51
Q

T or F

Ma fe live attenuated vax lal influenza

A

False fe

Bs manu recommended

52
Q 
Vax for :
1-
2-
3-
4-
5-
6-
A

Chronic cardiopulmo disease
Children with asthma metabolic and renal disorders
Nursing homes
HIV
65 and older
Transmitters to the high risk groups (drs , nurses and security….)

Virology (12 decks)

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