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BIOL 303 > Virology > Flashcards

Virology Flashcards

1
Q

what viruses have a lytic life cycle
(cause the cell to explode)

A

T3, T7 and T2, T4
(double stranded)

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2
Q

what viruses are temperate (integrate their genomes into a host chromosome)

A

Mu and lambda
(double stranded)

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3
Q

what is a lysogenic cell?

A

a bacterial cell which can produce and transfer the ability to produce a phage

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4
Q

what is a prophage?

A

A prophage is a bacteriophage genome that is integrated into the circular bacterial chromosome

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5
Q

what is transduction?

A

the process by which a virus transfers genetic material from one bacterium to another

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6
Q

what happens during the eclipse period of viral reproduction?

A

causing infection and the appearance of new mature virus in a host cell

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7
Q

what are plaques on agar

A

zones of lysis

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8
Q

where does the T1 virus attach

A

iron transport protein

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9
Q

what type of viral life cycle occurs when viruses lyse host cells after infection

A

virulent mode

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10
Q

what type of viral life cycle occurs when viruses replicate their genomes in tandem with the host genome and without killing the host

A

temperate mode
(viruses can also be lytic)

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11
Q

The time elapsed between successful cell infection and the start of virus production in the cell is called what?

A

the eclipse period

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12
Q

The period that is the time taken by a phage particle to reproduce inside an infected host cell is called what?

A

the latent period

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13
Q

what bacteriophage is used as a cloning and dna sequencing vector in genetic engineering

A

bacteriophage M13
- does not lyse the cell

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14
Q

where does lamda virus attach itself on a cell (can be used in genetic engineering)

A

specific site on the chromosome

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15
Q

where does mu attach itself on the cell (can be used in genetic engineering)

A

generalized attachment to the cell (anywhere)
mu: mutation

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16
Q

can temperate viruses kill the host cell?

A

yes through lytic cycle

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17
Q

what is the lysogeny state of a virus?

A

state where most of the virus gene is not expressed and virus genome (prophage) is replicated in synchrony with host cchromosome

18
Q

what is a lysogen

A

a bacterium containing a prophage

19
Q

what are cos sites

A

sticky ends on lambda virus

20
Q

what are the twoo repressor prooteins that control the regulation of lytic vs lysogenic events in lambda

A
  1. cl protein: causes repression of lambda lytic events
  2. cro repressor: controls activation of lytic events
21
Q

how does the virus use the cell to protect it’s dna?

A

by using 5-hydroxymethyl-cytosine which endonucleases cant recognize

22
Q

what is a nucleocapsid

A

the capsid of a virus with the enclosed nucleic acid.

23
Q

picture of a nonenveloped polyhedral virus

A
24
Q

picure oof morphology of an envelope heliccal virus

A
25
Q

picture of helical virus

A
26
Q

what is a syncytia

A

evolutionarily conserved cellular structures form by the multiple cell fusions of uninuclear cells

27
Q

what is a cytopathic effect?

A

The changes in cell morphology caused by infecting virus are called cytopathic effects

28
Q

what DNA virus forms an inclusion in the cytoplasm?

A

prox virus

29
Q

DNA viruses infect what part of the cell

A

nucleus

30
Q

RNA viruses infect what part of the cell

A

cytoplasm

31
Q

how do viruses cause cancer?

A

when the virus effects the chromosome of a cell

32
Q

what are cancerous viruses called?

A

oncogene viruses
-hepetitis B and HPV

33
Q

how do you determine the number of plaque particles

A

of physical particles/# of infectious particles

34
Q

what rule must all viruses follow to become infectious

A

viral genomes must make mRNA that can be read by host ribosomes

35
Q

what are the 7 classes of key virus families

A

parovirus
retrovirus
poliovirus
influenza virus
reovirus
herpes virus
hepatitis B

36
Q

what is the purpose of the 5’ cap

A

helps the ribosome attach to the mRNA and start reading it to make a protein

37
Q

when a virus only has a nucleic acid and protein coat it is called what?

A

a naked virus because it has no envelope

38
Q

what are the five single stranded positive RNA viruses

A
  1. Picornaviridae (Poliovirus, Rhinovirus)
  2. Caliciviridae (gastroenteritis)
  3. Coronaviridae (SARS)
  4. Flaviviridae (Yellow fever virus, West Nile virus, Hepatitis C virus, Zika virus)
  5. Togaviridae (Rubella virus, Equine encephalitis virus)
39
Q

five single stranded single stranded RNA

A
  1. Paramyxoviridae (Measles virus, Mumps virus)
  2. Rhabdoviridae (Rabies virus)
  3. Filoviridae (Ebolavirus, Marburg virus)
  4. Orthomyxoviridae (Influenza virus)
  5. Arenaviridae (Lassa virus)
40
Q

what are viroids

A

an infectious entity affecting plants, smaller than a virus and consisting only of nucleic acid without a protein coat

41
Q

precursor for prions disease

A

PrPc to PrPsc

BIOL 303 (26 decks)

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