CH6

Question 1

what is a virus called when it integrates itself inside a bacteria genome?

Answer 1

a prophage (provirus)

Question 2

what is a reverse transcriptase

Answer 2

Enzyme that copies RNA to DNA
video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v9EL8V-6la4

Question 3

what is the role of capsomers

Answer 3

the units used to construct the capsid

Question 4

what is the layer between the envelope and capsid

Answer 4

the tegument proteins

Question 5

most plant viruses have what kind of viral symmetry

Answer 5

helical

Question 6

mimiviruses are infected by smaller viruses called what?

Answer 6

virophages

Question 7

little viruses that infect other bigger viruses is called what

Answer 7

sputnik

Question 8

what are the five ways viruses are classified

Answer 8

• genome composition
• capsid symmetry
• envelope
• the size of virion
• host range

Question 9

if a virus infects the lungs it is called what

Answer 9

pneumotropic

Question 10

if a virus infects the skin it is called what

Answer 10

dermatropic

Question 11

if a virus infects the neurons it is called what

Answer 11

neurotropic

Question 12

what are the seven classes in virus classification

Answer 12

class I: Double-stranded DNA viruses
class II: Single-stranded DNA viruses
class III: Double-stranded RNA viruses
class IV: (+) single-stranded RNA viruses
class V: (–) single-stranded RNA viruses
class VI: RNA retroviruses (needs reverse transcriptase)
class VII: DNA pararetroviruses (the reverse transcriptase is not part of the virus)

Question 13

what class of viruses requires a plant host reverse transcriptase to make dsDNA

Answer 13

class 7 DNA pararetroviruses

Question 14

class that requires rna dependent rna polymerase to make mRNA and replicate its genome

Answer 14

class 5 (–) single-stranded RNA viruses

Question 15

class that requires rna-dependent rna polymerase to make a template for mRNA and genome replication

Answer 15

class 4 (+) single-stranded RNA viruses

Question 16

class that packages its own reverse transcriptase to make dsDNA

Answer 16

class 6: RNA retroviruses (needs reverse transcriptase)

Question 17

class that uses its own or host dna polymerase for replication

Answer 17

class 1: Double-stranded DNA viruses

Question 18

class that requires rna-dependent rna polymerase to make mRNA and genomic rna

Answer 18

class 3: Double-stranded RNA viruses

Question 19

class that requires RNA polymerase to generate a complementary strand

Answer 19

class 2: Single-stranded DNA viruses

Question 20

cheat sheet slides

Answer 20

slides 34-36

Question 21

three forms of defense against viral infection within bacteria

Answer 21

1. Genetic resistance
   - Altered receptor proteins
2. Restriction endonucleases
   - Cleave viral DNA lacking methylation
3. CRISPR integration of phage DNA sequences (Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)
   - A bacterial immune system of sorts

Question 22

rhinovirus binds to what cell receptor

Answer 22

ICAM

Question 23

image on how viruses enter the cell

Answer 23

Question 24

for DNA replication to occur the cell needs to be in what phase so that the virus can have successful replication

Answer 24

the S phase because that is when DNA polymerase is present

Question 25

how do DNA viruses replicate

Answer 25

Can utilize the host replication machinery

Question 26

how do RNA viruses replicate

Answer 26

Use an RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase to transcribe their mRNA

Question 27

how do retroviruses replicate

Answer 27

Use a reverse transcriptase to copy their genomic sequence into DNA for insertion in the host chromosome

Question 28

two ways the progeny of viruses are released from the host cell

Answer 28

• lysis of the cell
• budding: All enveloped viruses bud from a membrane.

Question 29

what is the P53 gene

Answer 29

tumor suppressing gene

Question 30

three ways viruses can infect a plant

Answer 30

• Contact with damaged tissues
• Transmission by an animal vector
• Transmission through seed

Question 31

viruses are transmitted to uninfected cells by what mechanism

Answer 31

the plasmodesmata