Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIOL 303 > Basic Bacteriology > Flashcards

Basic Bacteriology Flashcards

1
Q

what is a diplococci?

A

a bacterium that occurs as pairs of cocci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

shape of streptococci

A

live in pairs or chains of varying length

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

shape of tetrad cocci

A

four balls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

shape of sarcinae

A

cube of four balls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

shape of saphylococci

A

a cluster of balls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

types of spiral bacteria

A
  1. Vibrio
    - most common cause of food poisoning in Japan
  2. Spirillum
    -Ex: rhodospirillum
  3. Spirochete
    - capable of easy infection. Ex: lime disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what type of bacteria tend to live in hypotonic enviroments?

A

star-shaped and rectangular prokaryotes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how big is a small subunit

A

30s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how big is a small subunit

A

30s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how big is a large subunit

A

50s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

how large is a complete ribosome

A

70s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

which structures are found in all bacteria

A
  • Cytoplasm
  • 70S Ribosomes
  • Plasma membrane
  • Nucleoid containing DNA
  • Plasma membrane
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the purpose of the capsule in a prokaryotic cell?

A

to protect against phagosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the purpose of the plasma membrane in prokaryotes

A
  • make cell wall
  • transport things in and out of the cell
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the purpose of the inclusions

A

important in adjusting the environment of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

purpose of plasmid

A
  • extral chromosomal dna
  • non-essential coding of characteristics
  • tend to be lost in the absence of selective pressure Ex: antibiotics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

purpose of pilli

A
  • involved with gene transfer and attachment to surfaces Ex: teeth
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

study slide

A

20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

definition of virulence

A

extent of pathogenity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is Peritrichous flagella

A
  • having flagella uniformly distributed over the body
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is Monotrichous and polar flagella

A

one flagellum at one pole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Lophotrichous and polar flagella

A

multiple flagella located at the same spot on the bacteria’s surfaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is Amphitrichous and polar flagella

A

a single flagellum on each of two opposite ends

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is the motor that drives flagella driven by

A

a proton gradient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

difference between a gram-negative and gram-positive flagella motor

A

the gram-negative bacteria have an outer membrane whereas the positive do not

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what is the motor of the flagella held by

A

peptidoglycan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

direction of clockwise flagella results in…

A

tumble

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

direction of counter-clockwise flagella results in…

A

run

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Random movement toward an attractant causes a drop in

A

CheY-P levels, which allows CCW rotation and swimming.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what initiates a series of events lowering the CheY-P levels

A

Methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCPs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

reversable methylation of MCPs causes

A

desensitizes MCPs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

demethylation of MCPs results in

A

sensitizes MCPs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

definition of chemotaxis

A

refers to the migration of cells toward attractant chemicals or away from repellents.
driven by:
- methylation
- demethylation
- phospholation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

biased random walk

A

enables bacteria to search for food and flee from harm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

what are axial filaments

A

bundles of flagella which wrap around the cell body between the cell wall and the outer membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

what is a biofilm

A

an assemblage of surface-associated microbial cells that is enclosed in an extracellular polymeric substance matrix
Ex: plaque on teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

what happens to the flagella after biofilm is formed

A

the bacteria stop using them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

why is cystic fibrosis chronic

A

because the formation of biofiliments are highly resistant to antibiotics

39
Q

what is quorum sensing

A

a bacterial cell–cell communication process

40
Q

what is a characteristic of encapsulated bacteria

A

shiny

41
Q

characteristics of gram positive bacteria

A

gram reaction: blue stain
peptidoglycan layer: thick
teichoric acids: present
periplamic space: absent
outer membrane: absent
LPS content: none
lipid and lipoprotein content: low
flagellar structure: two rings in basal body

42
Q

characteristics of gram negative bacteria

A

gram reaction: pink or red
peptidoglycan layer: thin
teichoric acids: absent
periplamic space: present
outer membrane: present
LPS content: high
lipid and lipoprotein content: high
flagellar structure: four rings in basal body

43
Q

how do we test water for endotoxins

A

using limilus

44
Q

what part of a bacterial is an endotoxin

A

the Lipopolysaccharide

45
Q

what part of the bacteria does penicillin attack

A

the teichoic acid structures

46
Q

what does lysosyme do

A

breaks down peptidoglycan

47
Q

penicillin inhibits the formation of what enzyme?

A

transpepidase

48
Q

penicillin inhibits the formation of gram-positive bacteria by

A

inhibiting peptidoglycan production

49
Q

gram positive bacteria lose s layer when

A

they are transferred from culture to culture

50
Q

function of porin in gran negative bacteria

A

The porins act as molecular filters for hydrophilic compounds

51
Q

what is a protoplast

A

bacterial cell without cell wall

52
Q

what is a sheroplast

A

a bacterium or plant cell bound by its plasma membrane, the cell wall being deficient or lacking and the whole having a spherical form.

53
Q

where is the electron transport system located?

A

in the plasma membrane

54
Q

Membranes have approximately equal parts of

A

phospholipids and proteins.

55
Q

what is the structure of phospholipids

A

glycerol with ester links to two fatty acids and a phosphoryl head group

56
Q

what are the two layers of phospholipids in the bilayer called?

A

leaflets

57
Q

The structure that defines the existence of a cell is the

A

cell membrane.

58
Q

what is the function of a hopanoid

A

intercalate into phospholipid bilayers and modulate the fluidity of membranes by interacting with their complex lipid components.

59
Q

calcium heat shock is used to

A

used to introduce foreign DNA into a host cell. The concept of the technique is to render cells competent using CaCl2 to allow for introduction of plasmid.

60
Q

what are zones of adhesions

A

area of a lipid bilayer where inner and outer leaflets join

61
Q

what is Simple Diffusion

A

Simple diffusion is an unassisted type of diffusion in which a particle moves from higher to a lower concentration.

62
Q

what is Facilitated Diffusion

A

the transport of substances across a biological membrane through a concentration gradient by means of a carrier molecule(noinputofenergy)

63
Q

aquaporins

A

transmembrane diffusion of water

64
Q

what is passive transport

A

molecules move along their concentration gradient does not require energy

65
Q

what is Active transport

A

molecules move against their concentration gradient also requires energy

66
Q

Group translocation is

A

process where a molecule crossing the cell membrane not only gets transported but also gets transformed in itself

67
Q

The phosphotransferase system (PTS) present in all bacteria. is an example of group translocation. what is its function?

A
  • It uses energy from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to attach a phosphate to specific sugars.
  • The system has a modular design that accommodates different substrates.
68
Q

what is a storage granule

A
  • Glycogen, PHB, and
    PHA, for energy
  • Sulfur, for oxidation
69
Q

what are magnetosomes

A
  • Membrane-embedded crystals of magnetite, Fe3O4
  • Orient the swimming of magnetotactic bacteria
70
Q

what are magnetosomes

A

The magnetosome is defined as an intracellular organelle consisting of a single-magnetic-domain crystal of a magnetic iron mineral enveloped by a lipid-bilayer membrane that contains proteins that are unique to it.

71
Q

the process of endospore formation is called

A

sporulation

72
Q

six steps of sporulation

A
  • Spore septum begins to isolate newly replicated DNA and a small portion of cytoplasm.
  • Plasma membrane starts to surround DNA, cytoplasm, and membrane isolated in step 1.
  • Spore septum surrounds isolated portion, forming forespore.
  • Peptidoglycan
    layer forms between membranes.
  • Spore coat forms.
  • Endospore is freed from cell.
73
Q

function of endospore

A

Endospores ensure the survival of bacteria in adverse environmental conditions

74
Q

what is sigma-F

A

a protein that enhances transcription

75
Q

what are the proteins that coat dna in endospores

A

small acid soluble proteins (SASP)

76
Q

endospores exist in what kind of environment

A

Endospores exist in a cryptobiotic state

77
Q

what are bacteriocins

A

toxins produced by bacteria to inhibit the growth of similar or closely related bacterial strain(s)

78
Q

what is the exosporium

A

The exosporium is the outer surface layer of mature spores

79
Q

ER is continuous with..

A

membrane envelope

80
Q

what is the purpose of pores on nuclear membrane

A

transports things in and out of nucleus

81
Q

FtsZ = forms a

A

“Z-ring” in
spherical cells

82
Q

MreB = forms a

A

coil inside rod-shaped cells

83
Q

CreS “crescentin” = forms a

A

polymer along the inner side of crescent-shaped bacteria

84
Q

purpose of smooth er

A

detoxification and lipid synthesis

85
Q

what is the golgi complex

A

The Golgi complex prepares proteins and lipid (fat) molecules for use in other places inside and outside the cell

86
Q

what does the mitochondria have

A
  • circular dna and 70s ribosomes
  • the dna is maternally inherited
87
Q

The Theory of Endosymbiosis

A

States that some organelles evolved from a symbiosis in which one cell of a prokaryotic species was engulfed by and lived inside of a cell of another species of prokaryote

88
Q

what is the plasma membrane

A

The plasma membrane, also called the cell membrane, is the membrane found in all cells that separates the interior of the cell from the outside environment

89
Q

what is the endoplasmic reticulum is involved in what synthesis

A

a network of membranous tubules within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell, continuous with the nuclear membrane. It usually has ribosomes attached and is involved in protein and lipid synthesis

90
Q

what is a lysosome

A

A lysosome is a membrane-bound cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes

91
Q

what is a peroxisome

A

A peroxisome (IPA: [pɛɜˈɹɒksɪˌsoʊm]) is a membrane-bound organelle, a type of microbody, found in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells.

92
Q

which genus makes more capsules given sugar

A

genus leubonostoc

93
Q

what are the characteristics of Staphylococcus

A
  • Facultative anaerobes
  • Cocci in clusters
  • S. aureus
94
Q

Streptococcus characteristics

A
  • Aerotolerants
  • Cocci in chains
  • S. pneumoniae
  • S. pyogenes

BIOL 303 (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions