Antibiotics

Question 1

under what phylum is the genus streptomyces under?

Answer 1

actinomyces

Question 2

what gram-positive microorganism produces bacitracin?

Answer 2

Bacillus subtilis
(topical antibiotic)

Question 3

what gram-positive microorganism produces polymixin?

Answer 3

paenibacillus polymyxa
(topical)

Question 4

what type of mycroorganism producess penicillin

Answer 4

a fungi called penicillium

Question 5

what kind of antibiotics inhibit cell wall synthesis

Answer 5

• penicillin (inhibit cross brone formation)
• cephalosporins (inhibit cross brone formation)
• bacitracin (inhibit back bone formation)
• vancomycin (inhibit back bone formation)
• monobactams

Question 6

antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis and metabolite synthesis are bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal?

Answer 6

bacteriostatic

Question 7

antibiotics that inhibit cell wall synthesis, nucleic acid formation, and damage plasma membrane are bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal?

Answer 7

bacteriocidal

Question 8

antibacterial that inhibit protein synthesis (translation) hint: CETS

Answer 8

• chloramphenicol
• erythromycin
• tetracyclines
• streptomycin

Question 9

antibacterial that inhibit nucleic acid replication and transcription (DNA)

Answer 9

• quinolones
• rafampin

Question 10

antibacteria that hurts plasma membrane (not cell wall)

Answer 10

polymyxin B (very toxic)

Question 11

anti-bacteria that cause Inhibition of essential metabolite synthesis: hint: STM

Answer 11

-sulfanimide
-trimethoprim
- metronidazole

Question 12

what is autolysis and what antibacteria causes it

Answer 12

• the destruction of cells or tissues by their own enzymes
• penicillin and cephalosporins

Question 12

what is the risk of using antibiotics that target mitochondrial ribosomes?

Answer 12

mitochondrial ribosomes are prevalent in hematopoetic stem cells of bone marrow which poses a risk of aplastic anemia.

Question 13

an antibiotic that is useful against penicillin-resistant gram-positive bacteria

Answer 13

linezolid

Question 14

antibiotic that can damage plasma membrane hint: starts with a D

Answer 14

daptomycin

Question 15

antibiotic used to inhibit synthesis of mRNA; treatment of tuberculosis

Answer 15

rifampin

Question 16

antibacteria that inhibit dna synthesis and UTIs

Answer 16

quinolones

Question 17

antibiotic used to treat tuberculosis

Answer 17

isoniazid

Question 18

antifungal drugs

Answer 18

Azoles which damage plasma membrane
- amphotericin B

Question 19

fungle infections that affect the skin are called what?

Answer 19

dermatophytes

Question 20

fungle infection of the mouth is called what?

Answer 20

thrush

Question 21

what does B. lactamase do to penicillinate

Answer 21

it breaks the B lactam ring of penicillin turning it into penicilloic acid

Question 22

what antibiotics act as competitive inhibitors hint: ST

Answer 22

• sulfamethoxazole
• trimethoprim

Question 23

what agar method is used to determine antibiotic sensitivity and estimates the minimal inhibitory concentration?

Answer 23

the E test
and microplates

Question 24

what are the five bacteria antibiotic resistance strategies

Answer 24

1. blocking entry
2. inactivation of enzymes
3. alteration of the target molecule
4. efflux of antibiotic
5. alternative metabolic scheme

Question 25

what pyronin antibiotics inhibit RNA polymerase hint: ML

Answer 25

• myxopyronin (myxococcus)
• lipiarmycin

Question 26

what kind of antibiotic inhibits PABA and turns it into folic acid

Answer 26

sulfanilamide