Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

under what phylum is the genus streptomyces under?

A

actinomyces

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2
Q

what gram-positive microorganism produces bacitracin?

A

Bacillus subtilis
(topical antibiotic)

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3
Q

what gram-positive microorganism produces polymixin?

A

paenibacillus polymyxa
(topical)

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4
Q

what type of mycroorganism producess penicillin

A

a fungi called penicillium

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5
Q

what kind of antibiotics inhibit cell wall synthesis

A
  • penicillin (inhibit cross brone formation)
  • cephalosporins (inhibit cross brone formation)
  • bacitracin (inhibit back bone formation)
  • vancomycin (inhibit back bone formation)
  • monobactams
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6
Q

antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis and metabolite synthesis are bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal?

A

bacteriostatic

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7
Q

antibiotics that inhibit cell wall synthesis, nucleic acid formation, and damage plasma membrane are bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal?

A

bacteriocidal

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8
Q

antibacterial that inhibit protein synthesis (translation) hint: CETS

A
  • chloramphenicol
  • erythromycin
  • tetracyclines
  • streptomycin
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9
Q

antibacterial that inhibit nucleic acid replication and transcription (DNA)

A
  • quinolones
  • rafampin
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10
Q

antibacteria that hurts plasma membrane (not cell wall)

A

polymyxin B (very toxic)

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11
Q

anti-bacteria that cause Inhibition of essential metabolite synthesis: hint: STM

A

-sulfanimide
-trimethoprim
- metronidazole

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12
Q

what is autolysis and what antibacteria causes it

A
  • the destruction of cells or tissues by their own enzymes
  • penicillin and cephalosporins
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12
Q

what is the risk of using antibiotics that target mitochondrial ribosomes?

A

mitochondrial ribosomes are prevalent in hematopoetic stem cells of bone marrow which poses a risk of aplastic anemia.

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13
Q

an antibiotic that is useful against penicillin-resistant gram-positive bacteria

A

linezolid

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14
Q

antibiotic that can damage plasma membrane hint: starts with a D

A

daptomycin

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15
Q

antibiotic used to inhibit synthesis of mRNA; treatment of tuberculosis

16
Q

antibacteria that inhibit dna synthesis and UTIs

A

quinolones

17
Q

antibiotic used to treat tuberculosis

18
Q

antifungal drugs

A

Azoles which damage plasma membrane
- amphotericin B

19
Q

fungle infections that affect the skin are called what?

A

dermatophytes

20
Q

fungle infection of the mouth is called what?

21
Q

what does B. lactamase do to penicillinate

A

it breaks the B lactam ring of penicillin turning it into penicilloic acid

22
Q

what antibiotics act as competitive inhibitors hint: ST

A
  • sulfamethoxazole
  • trimethoprim
23
Q

what agar method is used to determine antibiotic sensitivity and estimates the minimal inhibitory concentration?

A

the E test
and microplates

24
what are the five bacteria antibiotic resistance strategies
1. blocking entry 2. inactivation of enzymes 3. alteration of the target molecule 4. efflux of antibiotic 5. alternative metabolic scheme
25
what pyronin antibiotics inhibit RNA polymerase hint: ML
- myxopyronin (myxococcus) - lipiarmycin
26
what kind of antibiotic inhibits PABA and turns it into folic acid
sulfanilamide