Antibiotics Flashcards
under what phylum is the genus streptomyces under?
actinomyces
what gram-positive microorganism produces bacitracin?
Bacillus subtilis
(topical antibiotic)
what gram-positive microorganism produces polymixin?
paenibacillus polymyxa
(topical)
what type of mycroorganism producess penicillin
a fungi called penicillium
what kind of antibiotics inhibit cell wall synthesis
- penicillin (inhibit cross brone formation)
- cephalosporins (inhibit cross brone formation)
- bacitracin (inhibit back bone formation)
- vancomycin (inhibit back bone formation)
- monobactams
antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis and metabolite synthesis are bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal?
bacteriostatic
antibiotics that inhibit cell wall synthesis, nucleic acid formation, and damage plasma membrane are bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal?
bacteriocidal
antibacterial that inhibit protein synthesis (translation) hint: CETS
- chloramphenicol
- erythromycin
- tetracyclines
- streptomycin
antibacterial that inhibit nucleic acid replication and transcription (DNA)
- quinolones
- rafampin
antibacteria that hurts plasma membrane (not cell wall)
polymyxin B (very toxic)
anti-bacteria that cause Inhibition of essential metabolite synthesis: hint: STM
-sulfanimide
-trimethoprim
- metronidazole
what is autolysis and what antibacteria causes it
- the destruction of cells or tissues by their own enzymes
- penicillin and cephalosporins
what is the risk of using antibiotics that target mitochondrial ribosomes?
mitochondrial ribosomes are prevalent in hematopoetic stem cells of bone marrow which poses a risk of aplastic anemia.
an antibiotic that is useful against penicillin-resistant gram-positive bacteria
linezolid
antibiotic that can damage plasma membrane hint: starts with a D
daptomycin
antibiotic used to inhibit synthesis of mRNA; treatment of tuberculosis
rifampin
antibacteria that inhibit dna synthesis and UTIs
quinolones
antibiotic used to treat tuberculosis
isoniazid
antifungal drugs
Azoles which damage plasma membrane
- amphotericin B
fungle infections that affect the skin are called what?
dermatophytes
fungle infection of the mouth is called what?
thrush
what does B. lactamase do to penicillinate
it breaks the B lactam ring of penicillin turning it into penicilloic acid
what antibiotics act as competitive inhibitors hint: ST
- sulfamethoxazole
- trimethoprim
what agar method is used to determine antibiotic sensitivity and estimates the minimal inhibitory concentration?
the E test
and microplates
what are the five bacteria antibiotic resistance strategies
- blocking entry
- inactivation of enzymes
- alteration of the target molecule
- efflux of antibiotic
- alternative metabolic scheme
what pyronin antibiotics inhibit RNA polymerase hint: ML
- myxopyronin (myxococcus)
- lipiarmycin
what kind of antibiotic inhibits PABA and turns it into folic acid
sulfanilamide
