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Medical microbiology > Viral Zoonoses II > Flashcards

Viral Zoonoses II Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

How are arboviruses transmitted?

A

Saliva of arthropods in contact with blood

Person to person

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2
Q

Family flaviviridae

A

Zikv, yellow, west nile, dengue

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3
Q

Which dengue serotype predisposes one to DHF?

A

Serotype 2

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4
Q

DNV-5 is similar to

A

DNV-2

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5
Q

Primary vector for dengue

A

Aedes aegypti

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6
Q

Dengue characteristics

A

Enveloped (+) ssRNA

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7
Q

3 categories of symptomatic dengue virus

A
  • Undifferentiated fever
  • Dengue fever (breakbone fever)
  • DHF
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8
Q

Which grades of DHF causes DSS?

A

3 and 4

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9
Q

Characterized by plasma leakage, changes in hemoconcentration and abnormalities in homeostasis

A

DHF

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10
Q

Increased circulation of virus will lead to

A

Increased probability of occurence of virulent strain

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11
Q

Increased probability of secondary infection

A

Increased probability of immune enhancement leading to increase in DHF

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12
Q

Stages of dengue

A

Febrile
Critical
Recovery
Severe Dengue

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13
Q

Marked by increase in capillary permeability > increase in hematocrit, Temperature drops to 37.5-38°, shock, severe organ impairment (hepa, encepha, endocarditis)

A

Criticsl phase dengue

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14
Q

Shock in dengue leads to

A

Subnormal body temp
Metabolic acidosis
DIC
Severe Hemmorhage

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15
Q

sore throat, injected pharynx and conjunctival injection, enlarged and tender liver, hemmorhagic signs (petechiae, vaginal bleeding), decrease in WBC, high grade fever

A

Febrile illness

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16
Q

WBC may start to rise but recovery of platelet count is lesser. Pulmonary edema and CHF due to excessive IV fluid therapy

A

Recovery phase

17
Q

Plasma leakage, severe bleeding, severe organ impairment, hypovolemia, tachycardia, shock, peripheral vasoconstriction

A

Severe dengue

18
Q

How will you know if a patient is in shock?

A 
Pulse pressure is less than 20 mmHg
Cold extremities
Delayed capillary refill
Rapid pulse rate
Hypotension complicated with major bleeding Associated with prolonged  shock
19
Q

T or F: severe dengue has enough coagulation abnormalities to result to major bleeding

A

False

20
Q

Most deaths of dengue virus is due t

A

Profound shock

21
Q

T or F: dengue virus replicates in salivary glands

A

True

22
Q

5 criteria in diagnosign dengue

A 
Hydration status
Blood pressure
Evidence of bleeding in skin and other parts
Increased vascular permeability
Tourniquet test
23
Q

Positive torniquet test

A

20 or more petechiae per inch2

24
Q

When is leukopenia observed in dengue

A

Near end of febrile illness

25
Q

When is thromboyctopenia considered as DHF

A

<100,000 cells per microliter

26
Q

Sigsn of hemoconcentration

A

Low albumin levels, increase in hematocrit level >20%

27
Q

When will antibodies appear and viral antigens disappear for dengue virus and serological testing can be done?

A

After day 5

28
Q

Why must all cell cultures of dengue virus undergo antigen detection immunofluorescence assay?

A

not all wild type dengue viruses induce a cytopathic effect in mosquito cell line

29
Q

ELISA kit used to detect past or active infection

A

IgG indirect

30
Q

ELISA kit used for active infections

A

IgM Capture

31
Q

ELISA kit for secondary infx

A

IgG capture

32
Q

Presumptive differentiation between primary and secondary

A

Dengue test strip

33
Q

IgM: appear after ___ days
IgG: ___ days

A

IgM: 5
IgG: 14

34
Q

Makes secondary infection more dangerous, cell is infected by wild type of virus that activates memory b cells to produce incomplete antibodies leading to incomplete phagocytosis and viral rna is released to replicate inside phage

A

Antibody dependent enhancement phenomenon

35
Q

Why is dengue vaccine important?

A

No cross protection between different serotypes
Immune enhancement due to monotypic antibody DHF

**however, it is hard to culture and there is no reliable animal model for DHF

36
Q

Infectious clone tech by acambis

A

Chimeric yellow fever–dengue viruses (ChimeriVax-DV)

Monovalent D2 chimera

37
Q

DV-4 mutant

A

NIH

38
Q

Dengvaxia (CYD-TDV)

A

Live recombinant tetravalent dengue vaccine by sanofi pasteur
Fist dengue vaccine to be licensed

Medical microbiology (14 decks)

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