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Medical microbiology > Hepatitis > Flashcards

Hepatitis Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Common clinical features of viral hepatitis

A 
Anorexia
Icterus
Jaundice (HALLMARK OF INFX)
Pain in right side of abdomen and in joints
Increased weakness, nausea, fever
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2
Q

Fecal oral

A

Hepa A and E

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3
Q

Parenteral

A

B, C and D

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4
Q

____: major cause of infectious hepa
____: major cause of serum hepa

A

A, B

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5
Q

defective virus dependent on coinfection with HBV

A

HDV

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6
Q

Parenteral NANB and enteric NANB

A

HCV, HEV

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7
Q

Hepa belonging to flaviviridae

A

HCV, HGV*

HGV and TTV are transfusion assoc viruses, no liver inflamm= not hepa 🍹

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8
Q

unenveloped, ssDNA virus that shares its characteristics with parvoviruses and circoviruses

A

TTV

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9
Q

Clinical phases of hepatitis

A

Incubation/preclinical
Prodronal
Icteric
Convalescent

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10
Q

Characterized by active replication, asymptomatic but infectious

A

Incubation/Preclinical phase

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11
Q

Pateinets experience fever, fatigue, vomitting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, dark urine, pale stools

A

Prodronal

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12
Q

Jaundice, infectious feces, viremia terminates

A

Icterus

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13
Q

Complete recovery but slow resolution of disease or relapsing hepatitis

A

Convalescent

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14
Q

Family: Picornaviridae
Genus: hepatovirus
Most common cause of acute viral hepatitis A and common foodborne infxn

A

Hepatitis A

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15
Q

T or F: Hepatitis A causes chronic infxn

A

False

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16
Q

Main reservoir of hepa A

A

Young children

*children are usually asymptomatic

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17
Q

Icosahedral (+) sense ssRNA with Vpg at 5’ end of RNA
Acid, heat and dry resistant
Uses RNA dependent RNA polymerase

A

Hepa A

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18
Q

Hepa A is inactivated by

A

Inactivated by: → Heating to 85°C for 1 min → Autoclaving at 121°C for 20 min → UV radiation of 1.1 W at a depth of 0.9 cm for 1 min → 8% formalin for 1 min at 25°C → Chlorine containing compounds § 3-10 mg/L sodium hypochlorite at 20°C for 5-15 min → Shellfish from contaminated areas should be heated to 90°C for 4 min or steamed for 90 sec

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19
Q

T or F: the non-structural proteins of hepa A are immunogenic

A

True

20
Q

Symptoms in children and adults for hepa A

A

Children: diarrhea nausea vomitting
Adults: jaundice abdominal pain

21
Q

Pathogenesis of Hepa A

A

Ingestion>replication in oropharynx and GIT > replication in liver (major site) > shed in bile > shed in feces > BRIEF viremia> cellular immune response

22
Q

Shows recent (4-6 months) infxn

A

Anti-HAv IgM

23
Q

Pre-exposure vaccination for hepaA

A

HAVRIX AND TWINVIX ghavrix with engerix-b)

24
Q

What is administered to thos under 2 yo with hepa A

A

AntiHAV immune globulin

25
Q

Family: heparnaviridse
Genus: orthohepadnavirus
Enveloped, icosahedral, circular, partially double stranded DNA
Can cause acute and chronic

A

Hepatitis B

26
Q

Three morphological forms of hepa B

A

Dane particle -only form with DNA
Filamentous particle-non-infectious
Spherical particle-non-infectious (most common)

27
Q

Antigenicity of Hepa B

A

HbsAg- highly immunogenic (humoral on,y)
HBeAg- soluble
HBcAg- does not exist in free form

28
Q

Persists for at least 6 months which defines a chronic carrier

A

Hbsag

29
Q

Its presence is the best indicator of active viral replication

A

HBV DNA

30
Q

Useful marker of viral replication

A

HBeAg

31
Q

Provides protective immunity Indicates recovery from acute Hep B or immunization from HBV vaccine

A

Anti-Hbs antibody

32
Q

Offers no immunity

A

Anti-HBc

33
Q

Appears after Hbsag is cleared, indicates stopped viral replication

A

Anti-HBe

34
Q

HB Recombinant vaccines are made up of

A

Clones of S genes inserted into yeast cells

35
Q

Family: Flaviviridae
Genus: Hepacivirus
Most prominent cause of transfusion associated hepatitis
Icosahedral enveloped (+) ssRNA
With INTERNAL RIBOSOME ENTRY SITE (entry of ribosomes and translation)

A

Hepatitis C

36
Q

Hepatitis C is inactivated by

A

1-propanol

80-95 secs at 67-70 C

37
Q

Hcv rna disappears, ALT goes up

A

Acute hcv

38
Q

Hcv rna persists long time, ALT rin

A

Chronic hep c

39
Q

Enveloped circular (-) sense ssRNA
RNA Polymerase II
Highly defective (no virions produced)
-HBV prodvides HBsAg protein

A

Hepa D

40
Q 
Family: Herpeviridae
Genus: Orthoherpevirus
Species: Orthoherpevirus A
Non-enveloped (+) sense ssRNA 
ORF 1-3
4 Genotypes
A

Hepatitis E

41
Q

4 Genotypes of Hepa E and what they infect

A

1: humans and pig
2: humans
3 and 4: animals esp 🐷 (sporadic autochtonous infxn)

42
Q

ORF funx

A

1: viral replication (NSP)
2: virion capsid (SP)
3: viral egress

43
Q

Chronic hepatitis E is characterised by

A

High alt levels
Presence of HIV rna
Histological findings
*Usually caused by genotype 3

44
Q

Gold standard for confirming acute HEV infxn

A

Detection of HEV RNA from stool (1 wk-6wks after onset of symptoms) and serum (3-4 weeks after onset of symptoms)

45
Q

Chinese manufactured vaccine successful against genotypes 1 and 4, idk on 3

A

HEV 239 hecolin

46
Q

Treatment for HEV for transplant patients but with side fx

A

Pegylated interferons

47
Q

Treatment for acute HEV in immunocompromised

A

Ribavirin

Medical microbiology (14 decks)

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